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Post by brobear on Dec 6, 2020 13:38:08 GMT -5
Bears are intelligent. The bear will size-up his antagonist and will recognize the danger of the horns. Polar bears are full-time hunters, but it is the brown bear who habitually hunts large ungulates. In the historical West, the grizzly of the prairie used to follow the bison herds. The Rocky Mountain grizzlies of Montana and Wyoming hunt and kill elk and moose. In the R.F.E., the Ussuri brown bear hunts and kills red deer and wild boar. The Carpathian brown bear hunts and kills bison ( how often unknown ).
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Post by OldGreenGrolar on Dec 6, 2020 21:11:32 GMT -5
The Carpatian brown bear is also larger and more powerful than the interior grizzly so that is not a surprise.
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Post by brobear on Dec 8, 2020 13:22:38 GMT -5
European brown bear hunting moose: 270 kilograms is equal to 595.25 pounds. We know from other studies that in N. America, the grizzly hunts and kills full-grown moose. Therefore, I see no reason to think that his European cousin would do any different. 595-pounds must represent the average size of moose killed by brown bears.
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Post by OldGreenGrolar on Dec 14, 2020 9:29:03 GMT -5
"Predation on muskoxen poses risks for grizzly bears because muskoxen defend themselves against predators by running together and wheeling to face an approaching bear or wolf (Canis lupus) with a wall of horns. Adult muskoxen also dart out of a defensive group to attack an approaching predator. Horns can be lethal weapons against bears. One radiocollared male grizzly bear (No. 031, age 11) had serious puncture wounds from a muskox when it was captured in June 1995, but it survived the injuries. Another marked male bear (No. 056, age 5) died several weeks after receiving wounds from an adult male muskox during an attack in June 2000. Status of the muskoxen in these encounters was not determined. The recovery of radiocollars from 3 bears near muskox carcasses also suggests that muskoxen defend themselves against bears. carnivora.net/kodiak-bear-v-african-cape-buffalo-t4201-s165.html#p147285From Carnivora.
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Post by Deleted on Dec 16, 2020 9:40:04 GMT -5
"Radio-collared grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) were sighted daily for approximately 1-month periods during spring, summer, and fall to estimate predation rates. Predation rates on adult moose (Alces alces) were highest in spring, lowest in summer, and intermediate in fall. The highest kill rates were by male grizzlies killing cow moose during the calving period. We estimated that each adult male grizzly killed 3.3–3.9 adult moose annually, each female without cub(s) killed 0.6–0.8 adult moose and 0.9–1.0 adult caribou (Rangifer tarandus) annually, and each adult bear killed at least 5.4 moose calves annually. Grizzly predation rates on calves and grizzly density were independent of moose density and are probably more related to area-specific factors, e.g., availability of alternative foods. An important implication of our results is that managers should not allow moose densities to decline to low levels, because grizzlies can have a greater relative impact on low- than on high-density moose populations and because grizzly predation can be difficult to reduce. Grizzly bears were primarily predators, rather than scavengers, in this area of low prey availability (11 moose/grizzly bear); bears killed four times more animal biomass than they scavenged." www.researchgate.net/publication/238015031_Predation_on_moose_and_caribou_by_radio-collared_grizzly_bears_in_east_central_Alaska
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Post by brobear on Dec 16, 2020 9:43:25 GMT -5
Interestring data wolf. Many thanks.
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Post by OldGreenGrolar on Jan 5, 2021 4:46:49 GMT -5
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Post by brobear on Jan 5, 2021 12:38:58 GMT -5
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Post by brobear on Jan 5, 2021 12:43:54 GMT -5
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Post by brobear on Mar 11, 2021 12:25:39 GMT -5
*There are thus far only 3 pages on this topic. Anyone can easily access and see that grizzlies regularly prey upon full-grown elk and full-grown moose. In the tundra, grizzlies prey upon full-grown musk ox. Check-out Reply #42. ( we should also find a similar chart for American grizzly. Where is it? *Note: red deer and American elk - same animal. Reindeer and caribou - same animal.
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Post by King Kodiak on Mar 11, 2021 14:40:43 GMT -5
ALASKA PENINSULA BROWN BEAR KILLS MATURE MOOSE:
BROWN BEAR PREDATION ON MOOSE AND CARIBOU RESEARCH
I was walking into the wind, north of Wide Bay Alaska, when my feeble nose picked up the smell of something big and dead. On the Alaska Peninsula, this almost always means you have found a bear kill. Plan A was not to surprise a giant brown bear as he guards his fermenting dinner. We got out the binoculars and spotted an area about the size of a modest back yard that had been churned up by what looked like a small dozer. In the center of this excavation there was what we bear folks call a “bear pile.” A brown bear had killed and buried a moose above ground. Almost always the bear is handy, so we circled up wind and blew the bear out of the nearby alders where he was sleeping it off. He stayed in heavy cover for a long while and departed, at least for now. We had to get a closer look.
Yep, it was a mature moose - one leg hung out of the mound complete with a coffee-can sized hoof. The top of the pile was compressed as the owner had recently been lying on top to ward off predators and scavengers. It is not at all unusual to find such a “bear pile” in the spring. Both the resident Alaska-Yukon moose and the caribou are in their most stressed time of the year. Winter is tough on these ungulates, and just before green-up is the worst. Add hungry brown bears to the mix, and it’s a bad time to be a moose or caribou. But they have got to eat too. What do they eat and how much? Biologists have been speculating this question for a long time and thanks to some modern science, they are getting answers.
www.bear-hunting.com/tactics?ID=9510ef90-be33-44af-810d-978909cba88e
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Post by brobear on Jul 16, 2021 6:10:42 GMT -5
Source Unknown:
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Post by OldGreenGrolar on Sept 25, 2021 22:29:40 GMT -5
Some information regarding polar bear interactions with muskox, a smaller but still large bovid: "Only on rare occasions have bears been reported to threaten or kill muskoxen. Hone (1934) reported the probable killing of an old bull by a polar bear in Germania Land in East Greenland. This appears to be the only reported instance of such predation." Source: TENER, J.S. 1965. Muskoxen in Canada: A Biological and Taxonomic Review. Canadian Wildlife Service Monograph 2. 166 p. "The muskox has only 2 natural predators in northeast Greenland, the polar bear (Ursus maritimus) and the arctic wolf (Canis lupus). Throughout northeast Greenland polar bears are common, and there are several observations of adult polar bears attacking and killing muskoxen, most often lone adult bulls (J. Danielsen, pers. comm.; F. Kristoffersen, pers. comm.; T. Larsen, pers. comm.)." "Polar bears and arctic wolves are absent in central west Greenland. The introduced muskoxen around Sondre Stromfjord therefore live in an area without natural predators." Source: STATUS OF THE MUSKOX IN GREENLAND HENNING THING, 1984. Game Biology Station, Kate, DK-8410 Ronde, Denmark POUL HENRICHSEN, Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen 0, Denmark POUL LASSEN Game Biology Station, Kate, DK-8410 Ronde, Denmark. Source: Polar Animals, 1958. From the discord. Credited to another poster.
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Post by brobear on Sept 26, 2021 15:11:31 GMT -5
Reply #52:
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Post by OldGreenGrolar on Nov 26, 2021 18:07:09 GMT -5
/\ I was about to post that account above here. Looks like you beat me to it.
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Post by brobear on Nov 27, 2021 4:53:52 GMT -5
Replies #52/#53 are about the barren ground grizzly and the musk ox. We now know that the grizzly usually wins in a fight against a musk ox ( one-on-one ) as can be seen right here beginning on Reply #9. ( very similar to grizzly vs bull fights ). Quote: "With its claws the bear had badly lacerated the head of its victim..." *Yes, a bear can and will, given the opportunity, attack head-on face-to-face.
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Post by brobear on Dec 5, 2021 4:54:24 GMT -5
Here are some accounts of bears killing moose. "An adult female (12.5 years old) made a kill every 8.25 days.
Her estimated body mass was was 91 kg. 180.3 cm long over the curves, 59.1 cm around the neck, and 106 cm around the chest. At about 91 kg she was far from big, yet killed nearly an adult moose per week.
These are the bears of GMU 13. Source: "Game Management Unit 13 Brown Bear Studies" by Ted H. Spraker, Warren B. Ballard, and Sterling D. Miller."
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Post by brobear on Dec 5, 2021 4:54:54 GMT -5
Predation on moose by radio-collared grizzly bears in east central Alaska Males killed 3.3-3.9 adults annually, and females killed 0.6-0.8 adults annually: Radio-collared grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) were sighted daily for approximately 1-month periods during spring, summer, and fall to estimate predation rates. Predation rates on adult moose (Alces alces) were highest in spring, lowest in summer, and intermediate in fall. The highest kill rates were by male grizzlies killing cow moose during the calving period. We estimated that each adult male grizzly killed 3.3–3.9 adult moose annually, each female without cub(s) killed 0.6–0.8 adult moose and 0.9–1.0 adult caribou (Rangifer tarandus) annually, and each adult bear killed at least 5.4 moose calves annually. Grizzly predation rates on calves and grizzly density were independent of moose density and are probably more related to area-specific factors, e.g., availability of alternative foods. An important implication of our results is that managers should not allow moose densities to decline to low levels, because grizzlies can have a greater relative impact on low- than on high-density moose populations and because grizzly predation can be difficult to reduce. Grizzly bears were primarily predators, rather than scavengers, in this area of low prey availability (11 moose/grizzly bear); bears killed four times more animal biomass than they scavenged. www.researchgate.net/publication/238015031_Predation_on_moose_and_caribou_by_radio-collared_grizzly_bears_in_east_central_Alaska
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Post by brobear on Dec 5, 2021 4:56:11 GMT -5
Adults moose make up about one eighth of the bear's diet: By carefully analyzing the most gruesome footage, the researchers were also able to identify the bears’ prey. More than half of their meals came from moose or caribou calves, whereas vegetation made up nearly 20%, and adult moose made up just over 12% of the bear's diet, they report this month in the Wildlife Society Bulletin. But there were also some unusual items on the menu: snowshoe hares, swans, and even other brown bears. In one case, a 10-year-old male killed—and ate—a 6-year-old female bear. Overall, the bears killed an average of 34.4 moose and caribou calves over 45 days. That’s far higher than average kill rates from previous studies using other methods, including aerial observation. Compared with one 1988 study in which scientists counted an average of 5.4 moose calf kills from the air in a different part of Alaska, the new study found an average of 13.3 moose calf kills. The new study also found wide variation in the number of calves killed by any one bear, with one killing 44 calves in 25 days and another killing just seven in 27 days. www.science.org/content/article/bears-are-bigger-killers-thought-gruesome-video-footage-reveals
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Post by brobear on Dec 5, 2021 4:58:12 GMT -5
The diet of the brown bear Ursus arctos in the Pasvik Valley, northeastern Norway Inga-Lill Persson, Steinar Wikan, Jon E. Swenson & Ivar Mysterud Persson, I-L., Wikan, S., Swenson, J.E. & Mysterud, I. 2001: The diet of the brown bear Ursus arctos in the Pasvik Valley, northeastern Norway. - Wildl. Biol. 7: 27-37. The seasonal composition of and the annual variation in the diet of the brown bear Ursus arctos in the Pasvik Valley, northeastern Norway, were estimat- ed based on the analysis of 137 bear scats. The importance of moose Alces alces and reindeer Rangifer tarandus in the diet was given special attention, because results from Russia suggest that brown bears are generally more car- nivorous in the north. Ungulates, especially adult moose, comprised the most important food item for bears in the Pasvik Valley during spring and summer, contributing 85 and 70% of the Estimated Dietary Energy Content (EDEC), respectively. During autumn, when the bears have to build up fat reserves and increase lean body mass for hibernation, berries were the most important food item, contributing 49% of the EDEC, but ungulates were still important, contributing 30% of the EDEC. Insects and vegetation were of low importance in all seasons. The proportion of ungulates in the diet of brown bears in the Pasvik Valley was considerably higher than farther south in Scandinavia, and this regional difference is important concerning bear and moose management in northern areas. Key words: brown bear, diet, management, moose, northern areas, Norway, ungulates Inga-Lill Persson* & Ivar Mysterud, Department of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway Steinar Wikan, Svanhovd Environmental Center, N-9925 Svanvik, Norway Jon E. Swenson, Department of Biology and Nature Conservation, Agricultural University of Norway, Box 5014, N-1432 Ås, Norway *Present address: Department of Animal Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183 Umeå, Sweden - e-mail: inga-lill.pers- son@szooek.slu.se Associate Editor: Paolo Cavallini Received 20 March 2000, accepted 18 August 2000 www.researchgate.net/publication/252463787_The_diet_of_the_brown_bear_Ursus_arctos_in_the_Pasvik_Valley_northeastern_Norway
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