smedz
Ursus abstrusus
Recent Graduate
Posts: 410
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Post by smedz on Jun 13, 2020 9:37:23 GMT -5
Hyenas, the bone-crunchers of the mammal kingdom, were once an enemy of the bear across Eurasia. But this is also on information on hyenas in general (hence why I put it in general discussion).
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Hyena
Jun 13, 2020 10:36:32 GMT -5
Post by OldGreenGrolar on Jun 13, 2020 10:36:32 GMT -5
LAND ANIMAL WITH THE LARGEST JAW PRESSURE.
When you think of animals with immense jaw pressure, the image of a coyote or something similar might come to mind. Although the meat-eating canines have undeniably strong bites, they don't beat out the rest of the land animals on the planet. Hyenas (family Hyaenidae), on the other hand, do. animals.mom.me/land-animal-largest-jaw-pressure-9491.html#:~:text=Hyenas%20have%20extremely%20strong%20jaws,that%20of%20all%20other%20mammals.&text=The%20jaw%20of%20a%20mature,of%20pressure%20per%20square%20inch.
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Hyena
Jun 13, 2020 10:38:40 GMT -5
Post by OldGreenGrolar on Jun 13, 2020 10:38:40 GMT -5
COMMON NAME: Spotted Hyena SCIENTIFIC NAME: Crocuta crocuta TYPE: Mammals DIET: Omnivore GROUP NAME: Clan AVERAGE LIFE SPAN IN THE WILD: Up to 25 years SIZE: Head and body: 34 to 59 inches; tail: 10 to 14 inches WEIGHT: 110 to 190 pounds SIZE RELATIVE TO A 6-FT MAN: Spotted hyenas are famed scavengers and often dine on the leftovers of other predators. But these hardy beasts are also skilled hunters that will take down wildebeest or antelope. They also kill and eat birds, lizards, snakes, and insects. Relationship with Humans In an increasingly overpopulated Africa, hyenas and humans come into frequent contact. In fact, the Maasai people of Kenya and Tanzania actually leave their dead to be consumed by hyenas. However, these intelligent and bold animals will raid food stores and crops and are blamed for many livestock and even some human deaths. In some areas they have been heavily hunted as destructive pests. Hyena Species Spotted hyenas are the largest of three hyena species. Brown and striped hyenas are the other two. Although hyenas appear similar to dogs, they are actually more closely related to cats. They live throughout much of Africa and eastwards through Arabia to India. Spotted hyenas live together in large groups called clans that may include up 80 individuals and are led by females. Behavior Spotted hyenas have good hearing and sharp eyesight at night. They are fast and can run for long distances without tiring. Packs work together effectively to isolate a herd animal, sometimes one that is ill or infirm, and pursue it to the death. The victors often squabble over the spoils, either among themselves or with other powerful animals like lions. Spotted hyenas are quite vocal and make a wide variety of sounds, including the “laughing” that has long been associated with their name. www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/s/spotted-hyena/
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Hyena
Jun 13, 2020 17:28:25 GMT -5
Post by brobear on Jun 13, 2020 17:28:25 GMT -5
Kruger Hyena vs Northwestern Wolf
We now know that the Eurasian cave hyena were close relatives of modern spotted hyenas of Africa. Both hyenas and wolves roamed Pleistocene Europe. This would have been interesting to see.
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Hyena
Jun 13, 2020 17:46:15 GMT -5
Post by brobear on Jun 13, 2020 17:46:15 GMT -5
blogs.scientificamerican.com/laelaps/well-spotted-a-new-look-at-the-cave-hyena/ Well Spotted: A New Look at the Cave Hyena Fossils from Spain offer a rare look at Europe's extinct, bone-crushing carnivore By Brian Switek on April 20, 2017 The Ice Age conjures visions of beasts long gone: the mammoths and mastodons, sharp-fanged sabercats, giant ground sloths, and other beasts that fill the ranks of Earth’s dead zoo. But not every inhabitant of the Ice Age world would have looked strange or unusual to our modern eyes. Consider the cave hyena. Today’s spotted hyenas – Crocuta crocuta – are savanna celebrities. No African safari is complete without hearing their giggles and woops. But in the not-so-distant past, these charismatic carnivores had a subspecies that ranged across Eurasia. This was the cave hyena, Crocuta crocuta spelaea, and paleontologists have recently uncovered the best skeleton of this bone-crusher yet found on the Iberian Peninsula. The partial skeleton was found at Los Aprendices Cave, a 143,000-38,000 year old site in northern Spain. The remains of several other mammals were found at the site, including ibex, rabbit, rodent, and desman, but, as Victor Sauqué and colleagues write on their report of the cave, the hyena bones are most remarkable of all. Despite the fact that cave hyenas were relatively common in Ice Age Europe, their skeletons are considered rare. Their bones were often broken and scattered, sometimes because the living hyenas scavenged the dead. So even though previous research has revealed that the form of this ancient mammal was similar to that of today’s spotted hyena, any new cave hyena skeleton offers a new point of comparison between the present and not-too-distant past. This particular hyena, Sauqué and coauthors write, is represented by 194 bones. That’s not bad at all, with the skull and limbs almost completely represented. And from those bones, the researchers estimated that this individual weighed about 227 pounds – quite a bit heftier than most spotted hyenas alive today. In fact, Sauqué and colleagues write, the cave hyena was “a heavier and more powerful animal” than its living relatives. A stockier build would have made it less skilled as a runner, but better able to drag large portions of carcasses back to dens to consume in relative peace. So was the Los Aprendices hyena just like a bulkier spotted hyena? That’s difficult to say. Ice Age cave hyenas and today’s spotted hyenas were close relatives, with some experts allocating the cave hyenas to a subspecies of spotted hyena. Yet Sauqué and colleagues point out differences in size, jaw anatomy, and possibly behavior that might separate the two forms. Cave hyenas are thought to have been major bone accumulators during the Ice Age whereas today’s spotted hyenas don’t engage in the behavior nearly as often. A recent study on fossil hyena brains, likewise, suggest that the smarts of today’s spotted hyenas was a relatively recent evolutionary event and may have further distinguished today’s populations from the cave hyenas. Regardless of how the systematics shake out, however, Europe’s Ice Age hyenas were undoubtedly impressive beasts, and we can thank them for helping to create a record of Pleistocene life through their leftovers.
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Hyena
Jun 13, 2020 18:34:47 GMT -5
Post by OldGreenGrolar on Jun 13, 2020 18:34:47 GMT -5
Years ago the cave bears, cave lions, and cave hyenas used to live together. The three fold interaction will be interesting.
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Post by OldGreenGrolar on Jun 14, 2020 2:02:33 GMT -5
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Post by OldGreenGrolar on Jun 14, 2020 2:05:34 GMT -5
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Hyena
Jun 14, 2020 22:30:59 GMT -5
Post by OldGreenGrolar on Jun 14, 2020 22:30:59 GMT -5
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Hyena
Jun 14, 2020 22:33:42 GMT -5
Post by OldGreenGrolar on Jun 14, 2020 22:33:42 GMT -5
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Hyena
Jun 17, 2020 0:58:36 GMT -5
Post by OldGreenGrolar on Jun 17, 2020 0:58:36 GMT -5
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Hyena
Jun 17, 2020 1:04:20 GMT -5
Post by OldGreenGrolar on Jun 17, 2020 1:04:20 GMT -5
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Hyena
Aug 17, 2020 21:39:29 GMT -5
Post by brobear on Aug 17, 2020 21:39:29 GMT -5
Back during the Pleistocene, in Eurasia, the brown bear coexisted with hyenas. A lone male African lion normally has little trouble from a clan of hyenas. I believe that it would be the same with a brown bear.
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Hyena
Aug 28, 2020 11:13:53 GMT -5
Post by OldGreenGrolar on Aug 28, 2020 11:13:53 GMT -5
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Post by King Kodiak on Sept 5, 2020 20:45:18 GMT -5
Researchers reconsider roles of second-rank hyena males
Males that don't leave home are not second-class, but can breed as successfully as their more adventurous competitors that leave home, according to a new long-term study on spotted hyenas. The results from a research team of the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW) in Berlin, Germany were published in the open access journal Science Advances.
In most mammals, there are two kinds of males: those that stay at home and those that disperse from home to breed elsewhere. Stay-home males were generally considered as 'losers' that failed to join another group and that father few offspring. The new study now demonstrates for the first time among group-living mammals that stay-home (philopatric) males and dispersers are not inherently different and have similar reproductive success. The study further shows that their choice to stay at home or leave home is the outcome of a process during which all males answer the same question: which group offers the best fitness prospects? Whether a spotted hyena male stays at home or hits the road simply depends on whether his birth clan or another clan contains more young females when he wants to start breeding.
The scientists monitored the entire population of spotted hyenas inhabiting the Ngorongoro Crater in Tanzania over the past 20 years. They combined two decades of demographic data from the eight clans with data on the behaviour, survival, and reproductive success of more than 250 males to investigate the causes and fitness consequences of male clan choice.
In natural populations, group sizes and the number of young females fluctuate due to chance and environmental effects. Thus, if there are more than two groups, the home group is less likely to contain the highest number of young females than a non-home group. As expected, most hyena males in the Ngorongoro Crater dispersed to another clan. Yet, the team found that more males stayed at home than expected based on the distribution of young females only, suggesting that staying at home comes with advantages.
The main advantage is provided by their mothers. In the matriarchal system of spotted hyenas, females can influence the competition among males. "Mothers provide social support to their stay-home sons and ensure they acquire a high social rank among breeding males. This gives the mama's boys privileged access to both food and females, allowing them to invest a lot of time consorting females," explains Eve Davidian doctorate candidate from the IZW. And this pays off. Genetic paternity analyses showed that stay-home males father their first cubs at a younger age than dispersers and father almost exclusively cubs with high-ranking females—females of high reproductive value because they are most successful at rearing offspring. This is the first empirical evidence in a group-living mammal, that stay-home males can be at least as successful as dispersers.
Dispersal is a key driver of ecological and evolutionary processes, yet scientists still do not fully understand why individuals of the same sex of a species differ in their propensity to disperse. By showing that dispersal patterns can be shaped by the distribution of breeding partners across groups, the study expands our understanding of the processes leading to the coexistence of philopatry and dispersal within a sex.
Spotted hyenas live in female-dominated groups of up to 100 individuals and express highly complex social behaviour. Due to the anatomy of their outer sexual organs, female spotted hyenas have complete control over mating. And they have very clear ideas about which males to choose as fathers of their offspring: young females prefer males that were born or that joined their clan after the female was born. They thereby effectively avoid incestuous breeding with their father and older brothers. In addition, older females preferentially choose sires that developed a friendly, long-term relationship with them. The fitness prospects and clan choice of male spotted hyenas are strongly influenced by these female mate preferences. A young male willing to breed stands the best chances to father cubs if he establishes himself in the clan with the highest number of young females.
www.google.com/amp/s/phys.org/news/2016-03-reconsider-roles-second-rank-hyena-males.amp
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Post by brobear on Sept 27, 2020 18:33:17 GMT -5
Four living hyena species:
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Hyena
Oct 11, 2020 16:40:34 GMT -5
Post by OldGreenGrolar on Oct 11, 2020 16:40:34 GMT -5
The spotted hyena is the most powerful and social of all hyenas.
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Hyena
Oct 21, 2020 18:41:48 GMT -5
Post by King Kodiak on Oct 21, 2020 18:41:48 GMT -5
HYENAS EAT BONES:
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Hyena
Oct 22, 2020 12:02:18 GMT -5
Post by OldGreenGrolar on Oct 22, 2020 12:02:18 GMT -5
Now let’s imagine a large male grizzly bear confronting a pack of spotted hyenas. How will the outcome be guys?
Personally, the spotted hyenas are no where near as agile as the wolves and might be an easier target for the bear’s paw.
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Hyena
Oct 22, 2020 13:30:30 GMT -5
Post by King Kodiak on Oct 22, 2020 13:30:30 GMT -5
What i know is that pack of wolves are alot more organized and better at hunting large prey. Wolves are also smarter than hyenas. Hyenas might be more reckless. Hyenas are a bit larger than wolves on average and the clans are much larger.
The hyena that made its home in a wolf pack:
www.bbc.com/earth/story/20160324-the-hyena-that-lives-with-wolves
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