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Post by brobear on Nov 14, 2020 4:41:37 GMT -5
Go to: Videos & Documentaries / Prehistoric Bears - Reply #3: Arctodus simus in Beringia: According to this very good documentary, Arctodus simus of Beringia was pure carnivore while those further south were omnivores. These giant short-faced bears of Beringia went extinct long before their southern brothers and sisters did - perhaps due to heavy competition with grizzly bears.
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Post by brobear on Dec 2, 2020 18:15:07 GMT -5
za.investing.com/magazine/extinct-animals-scientists-are-spending-millions-to-bring-back/?%3Futm_source=facebook&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=23846345230210747&utm_content=SabreToothedTiger-2__&origin=facebook&fb_params[ad_id]=23846345234300747&fb_params[adset_id]=23846345230450747&fb_params[campaign_id]=23846345230210747&fb_params[ad_name]=SabreToothedTiger-2__&fbclid=IwAR045tGlLoYhaqolT_NSYwKZGtjnEpG_UwU27gWKzT6Wdz7gVim3BoaXJhQ The animal kingdom is a glorious ecosystem that a lot of us take for granted. In some cases, humans have been so preoccupied with surviving and thriving that other species have fallen by the wayside, only to die out entirely. Luckily, scientists are constantly working to find the key to bringing back some of the world’s most incredible extinct animals. With cutting edge research financed by universities, scientific grants and animal-loving private financiers, you might be delightfully surprised by just how possible un-extinction is. From woolly mammoths to Irish elks and more, some of these beautiful beings may be on the verge of a comeback. If you thought your only chance of seeing a saber-tooth tiger would be to turn over to the Discovery Channel, think again. It could just be a matter of time. 9. Short-Faced Bear Went Extinct in: 11,000 years ago Currently Researched by: Inactive Estimated Research Costs to Date: TBD It might be hard to believe now, but the short-faced bear was once the most common North American bear in the land. Although this long-lost version of the grizzly perished some 11,000 years ago, researchers are still fascinated with its biology – and its sheer size.
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Post by OldGreenGrolar on Dec 2, 2020 23:45:17 GMT -5
Arctodus simus was once more numerous than the grizzly bears and even the American black bears.
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Post by brobear on Dec 3, 2020 7:22:22 GMT -5
Arctodus simus was once more numerous than the grizzly bears and even the American black bears. I would really hate to have been a Paleo-Indian, because of unforeseen circumstances, alone in the Pleistocene N. American wilderness, armed only with a stone-tipped wooden spear. Arctodus Simus by Rebecca Dart:
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Post by brobear on Dec 4, 2020 1:11:56 GMT -5
Arctodus simus:
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Post by brobear on Dec 15, 2020 5:32:47 GMT -5
Giant Short Faced Bear skeketon, it is 10 feet tall and measures 9 feet long and 4,5 feet height on four legs - Credit to Boneclones.
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Post by brobear on Jan 11, 2021 4:18:16 GMT -5
Thus far; the record size bear known: So here we have him; "The Behemoth of Kansas River":
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Post by OldGreenGrolar on Jan 11, 2021 6:36:43 GMT -5
Reply 192. I doubt the Arctodus simus can take on one of these extinct bisons which are about the same weight as a black rhino. It might be looking for a vulnerable calf.
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Post by brobear on Jan 11, 2021 7:20:17 GMT -5
Reply 192. I doubt the Arctodus simus can take on one of these extinct bisons which are about the same weight as a black rhino. It might be looking for a vulnerable calf. I agree. In fact, it was probably rare, if ever, that Arctodus simus ever actually did any active hunting.
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Post by OldGreenGrolar on Jan 11, 2021 7:21:47 GMT -5
Reply 192. I doubt the Arctodus simus can take on one of these extinct bisons which are about the same weight as a black rhino. It might be looking for a vulnerable calf. I agree. In fact, it was probably rare, if ever, that Arctodus simus ever actually did any active hunting. Why hunt when it is easier to usurp meals from smaller but more efficient hunters ?😉
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Post by King Kodiak on Jan 14, 2021 8:25:55 GMT -5
ARCTODUS SIMUS
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Post by brobear on Feb 3, 2021 7:57:27 GMT -5
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Post by brobear on Feb 9, 2021 15:19:41 GMT -5
WORLD OF PREHISTORIC CREATURES by Smilodon Producciones Here are some of the most important representatives among the great North American predators of the last ice age. These species are extinct, but today we can find the survivors of those times with some similarities, although smaller. Arctodus simus was one of the largest carnivorous mammals that ever existed, it was a bear from the group known as the tremarctine bears, today a relative of its known as "Spectacled Bear" (Tremarctos ornatus) roams the Andean region of South America . The polar bear or white bear (Ursus maritimus) of the Ursidae family is, together with its relative, the Kodiak bear (Ursus arctos middendorffi), one of the largest land carnivores on Earth. The polar bear lives in the polar environment and icy areas of the northern hemisphere. It is the only super predator in the Arctic. While the Gray Bear and the Black Bear inhabit more temperate areas of North America. Arctodus Simus was completely carnivorous, and it is still debated whether it was an active hunter or a pre-eminent scavenger. The great American lion P. atrox, was one of the largest felids in history, it is still debated whether it was a subspecies of lion or a separate species although with very similar characteristics. There is quite convincing evidence that this panterine also inhabited South America. Another panterine, P. onca augusta, was the largest Jaguar subspecies that ever existed, and coexisted with Panthera onca arizonensis, another North American subspecies that recently became extinct in the mid-1980s by human action, although recently some sightings have been recorded in Arizona . Today only the Puma and the Lynx are the great North American felids. Smilodon fatalis and Homotherium serum were one of the last Macairodontins or Maquerodontins (Machairodontinae), an extinct subfamily of felids, they were characterized by their long upper canine teeth and their physical corpulence. Smilodon possessed the longest teeth in this group, and Homotherium had not as long but slightly thicker. The incisors were larger than in other groups of felids, their tails short and their hind legs shorter than the front, indicating that they were ambush hunters. Finally we have the giant or terrible Wolf which was recently reassigned from Gender (2021) from Canis to Aenocyon dirus. This close relative of today's gray wolves also lived with them during the Pleistocene and probably competed strongly for prey and territory. The "Giant Wolves" weren't actually that gigantic, they were just a bit bigger than their cousins, but they had some important differences, Aenocyon dirus was much more robust and its legs proportionally short. The snout was long and the jaws powerful, with thick, strong teeth capable of crushing bones. The niche it occupied in the North American prairies and steppes of the Ice Age was similar to that of the hyenas in other continents. A large number of herbivore fossils marked by the jaws of giant wolves reinforce this idea. The only large canids in North America today are the smaller Gray Wolves and Coyotes. But it was not only the large carnivores that disappeared in great numbers. Towards the end of the Pleistocene, North America lost about 35 genera of mammals. It has long been assumed that all or virtually all extinctions occurred between 12,000 and 10,000 years ago, but detailed analyzes of radiocarbon chronology provide little support for this assumption, which appears to have been widely accepted due to the kinds of explanations that are being used. feel more. The approaches that attribute losses to human predation depend almost entirely on the presumed synchronicity between extinctions and the initiation of hunting of large mammals by the peoples of North America. The fact that only two of the extinct genera have been found in a compelling death context presents an overwhelming problem for this approach. Climate models, on the other hand, are becoming more accurate and explain a wide variety of seemingly synchronous biogeographic events. While it is possible that human activities played a role in the extinction of some taxa, there is no doubt that the underlying cause of the extinctions lies in massive climate change. Note: The dimensions and weights expressed should not be taken as absolute, they are only estimates of maximum averages.
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Post by brobear on Feb 9, 2021 15:22:43 GMT -5
Result of your conversion:1200 kilograms is equal to 2,645.55 pounds (avoirdupois)
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Post by King Kodiak on Feb 9, 2021 15:27:42 GMT -5
Result of your conversion:1200 kilograms is equal to 2,645.55 pounds (avoirdupois) For Simus they put the absolute max weight. For the rest of the animals they put a bit higher than their average weight.
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Post by brobear on Feb 23, 2021 18:46:27 GMT -5
bear.org/the-giant-short-faced-bear/?fbclid=IwAR1-Vfv7H1nof_zoIvi47rTTBQR3iT1dAlVd_rN97WQVx8DV0m91Jw6NoRw The Giant Short-Faced Bear Arctodus simus The Fastest Running Bear That Ever Lived Also called the bulldog bear, the giant short-faced bear (Arctodus simus) was undoubtedly the fastest running bear that ever lived. Rangier and longer legged than any bear today, it was about five feet at the shoulders when walking and stood as tall as 12 feet on its hind legs. Unlike pigeon-toed modern bears, its toes pointed straight forward, enabling it to walk with a fast, purposeful gait. It probably could run over 40 miles per hour despite weighing over 1500 pounds. Carnivorous Diet Its skull and shearing type of teeth indicate a highly carnivorous way of life. Its eye sockets are set wide apart and face forward, giving it excellent vision. Its short, broad snout had a huge nasal passage, which probably means it had a keen sense of smell and could inhale great volumes of oxygen while pursuing prey. The large width of the jaws in relation to their shortness, plus the huge insertions for biting muscles, gave this bear a vise-like killing bite and the ability to crush bones to obtain marrow. Tests of bone samples show a very high ratio of nitrogen-15 to nitrogen-14, a nitrogen “signature” that indicates a true carnivore. Everything considered, paleobiologists conclude that the giant short-faced bear ate only meat. Ecology Giant short-faced bears lived in Minnesota and the open country west of the Mississippi River and north to Yukon and Alaska. They probably scavenged and preyed upon large herbivores such as bison, muskoxen, deer, caribou, horses, and ground sloths. Their disappearance is linked to changes in habitat that led to the disappearance of some of these large herbivores at the end of the Ice Age. The Lesser Short-faced Bear A close relative, the lesser short-faced bear (Arctodus pristinus) lived near the Atlantic coast and in Mexico. This smaller bear with its longer face and smaller teeth may have been more omnivorous. It may have died out due to competition with a large Pleistocene subspecies of black bear (Ursus americanus amplidens) and due to brown/grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) invading from the west near the end of the Ice Age. Living Relative The only living relative of the short-faced bears is the spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus) of South America. It is omnivorous and the size of a black bear.
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Post by brobear on Apr 20, 2021 15:52:44 GMT -5
Arctodus simus
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Post by brobear on Apr 20, 2021 16:04:47 GMT -5
www.sci-news.com/paleontology/stone-age-bear-genome-wide-data-chiquihuite-cave-09572.html?fbclid=IwAR2xyajSjCK2ERtekuWhIWTvptmvsISzdYFhwkOxGvvH7W9iESrmOn9cuDQ \ Genome-Wide Data from Stone Age Bears Recovered from Cave Sediments. Scientists have reconstructed the genomes of the extinct giant short-faced bear (Arctodus simus) and the American black bear (Ursus americanus) using environmental DNA fragments from the remote Chiquihuite Cave in Mexico. Fossil records are incomplete, and many species of mammals, in particular those that lived at low population densities, are seldom found. For these ancient species, destructive DNA extraction from fossil remains has the potential to reveal new insights into population and evolutionary history; however, it also causes irreversible damage to high-value specimens. The discovery that DNA from past populations of organisms could be obtained directly from sediment, therefore, held great promise for ancient population genetics and phylogenetics. Commonly known as environmental DNA (eDNA) research, this approach relies on sequencing DNA fragments derived from shed cells, hair, feces, and urine preserved within sediment. Standard eDNA techniques allow species composition to be determined in the absence of macrofossils across a variety of environments including sediments, cave formations, ice cores, lakes, rivers, and oceans. To date, however, analyses of ancient eDNA have been restricted to mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA or, more recently, to short and highly diverse sequences generated using a shotgun sequencing approach. “When an animal or a human urinates or defecates, cells from the organism are also excreted. And the DNA fragments from these cells are what we can detect in the soil samples,” said Professor Eske Willerslev, a researcher in the Department of Zoology at the University of Cambridge and the Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre at the University of Copenhagen. “Using extremely powerful sequencing techniques, we reconstructed genomes — genetic profiles — based on these fragments for the first time.” “We have shown that hair, urine and feces all provide genetic material which, in the right conditions, can survive for much longer than 10,000 years.” In the study, Professor Willerslev and his colleagues retrieved ancient genome-wide data from 16,000- to 14,000-year-old sediments in Chiquihuite Cave in Astillero Mountains, Mexico. Their analysis shows that the Late Pleistocene black bear population in Mexico is ancestrally related to the present-day Eastern American black bear population, and that the extinct giant short-faced bears present in Mexico were deeply divergent from the earlier Beringian population. “The short-faced bears that lived in northern Mexico were distinctly different from the population of black bears living in north-western Canada,” said Dr. Mikkel Winther Pedersen, a researcher in the Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre at the GLOBE Institute at the University of Copenhagen. “This is an excellent example of the new knowledge that suddenly becomes available when you reconstruct genomes based on eDNA fragments extracted from soil.” “All over the world, everyone scientifically involved in the study of ancient DNA recognised the need to reconstruct genomes from fragments found in soil or sediment,” Professor Willerslev said. “Being able to do that for the first time means we have opened up a new frontier.” “Analysis of DNA found in soil could have the potential to expand the narrative about everything from the evolution of species to developments in climate change — this is the moon landing of genomics because fossils will no longer be needed.” A paper describing the research was published in the journal Current Biology.
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Post by brobear on May 14, 2021 5:16:48 GMT -5
*I think it strange that Arctodus simus lived all over North America and in Beringia, but never crossed into Siberia.
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Post by OldGreenGrolar on May 16, 2021 4:32:40 GMT -5
*I think it strange that Arctodus simus lived all over North America and in Beringia, but never crossed into Siberia. How do you think the interaction will be like if it has crossed Siberia? Personally, it would be the dominant one in the Ussuri Kray.
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