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Post by OldGreenGrolar on Sept 18, 2022 7:56:30 GMT -5
In Hokkaido, the brown bears' diet includes small and large mammals, fish, birds, and insects such as ants.[7] Recent increases in size and weight, reaching 400 kg (880 lb), or possibly up to 450 kg (990 lb) to 550 kg (1,210 lb),[8] are largely caused by feeding on crops.[9] en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ussuri_brown_bear#:~:text=Recent%20increases%20in%20size%20and,caused%20by%20feeding%20on%20crops. Iy see,s the presence of crops is what makes them increase in weight.
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Post by OldGreenGrolar on Sept 21, 2022 23:34:00 GMT -5
Ussuri brown bear. The Ussuri brown bear, also known as the Ezo brown bear and the black grizzly bear, is a subspecies of the brown bear or population of the Eurasian brown bear . One of the largest brown bears, a very large Ussuri brown bear may approach the Kodiak bear in size. It is not the same subspecies as the grizzly bear. animalia.bio/ussuri-brown-bear
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Post by brobear on Oct 22, 2022 7:08:58 GMT -5
Often seen on internet: "According to scientific research, Ussuri brown bears can weigh up to 700 kg:" Warsaw says: "You can choose between"Can weigh up to 700 kg " and "actual data"Seryodkin.2019 According to actual data, can weigh up to 400 kg." Note: 400 kg = 882 pounds.
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Post by yz on Oct 22, 2022 7:32:25 GMT -5
Often seen on internet: "According to scientific research, Ussuri brown bears can weigh up to 700 kg:" Warsaw says: "You can choose between"Can weigh up to 700 kg " and "actual data"Seryodkin.2019 According to actual data, can weigh up to 400 kg." Note: 400 kg = 882 pounds. "Up to" kinda means max weight though not the average weight.
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Post by brobear on Oct 22, 2022 7:55:04 GMT -5
Often seen on internet: "According to scientific research, Ussuri brown bears can weigh up to 700 kg:" Warsaw says: "You can choose between"Can weigh up to 700 kg " and "actual data"Seryodkin.2019 According to actual data, can weigh up to 400 kg." Note: 400 kg = 882 pounds. "Up to" kinda means max weight though not the average weight. Yes; here are the averages according to our weight collection: Average fully-grown male Ussuri brown bear ( 9 years+ ) - 631.4 pounds. Average fully-grown male Ussuri brown bear ( 10 years+) - 657 pounds. Average fully-grown female Ussuri brown bear (7 years+) - 415 pounds.
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Post by brobear on Nov 8, 2022 3:12:23 GMT -5
The master of the taiga: the perils of life where the brown bears roam free www.rbth.com/travel/2014/04/09/the_master_of_taiga The brown bear – a symbol not only of Siberia but the whole of Russia – is not listed in the Red Book as an endangered species and is not threatened with extinction like the snow leopard. However, it comes out of the forest and into cities and towns, towards humans, thus confirming the common myths about Siberia. Accompanied by research staff from the nature reserve called Stolby ("Pillars"), the boundary of which is just 7 kilometres from Krasnoyarsk, we went into the wild taiga, to walk along the game trails, to talk about the changing behaviour and lifestyle of the brown bear, trophy hunting for "the master of the taiga" as well as about local forestry and issues for the nature reserve, which is located within the boundaries of a major city. The settlement of Beret. From here, along the Mana river, you can reach the Mana forestry in the Stolby nature reserve – to the cordons called Berly, Maslyanka and Kandalak, where foresters live and work and to where research scientists in Stolby systematically come to study the condition of the ecosystems and climate, to observe its animals and the conditions of the natural environment in general and to conduct annual monitoring of the brown bear. The Stolby nature reserve is located on the outskirts of the vast Altai-Sayan mountainous area where the West Siberian Lowland and the Central Siberian Plateau meet. It is one of the smallest reserves in Krasnoyarsk Kray (Region), with an area of slightly over 47 hectares, covering the interfluve the right tributaries of the Yenisei river: the Bazaikha, Bolshaya Sliznevaya and Mana rivers. Our boats are coming along the latter, making noise. The taiga here is dark due to fir, spruce and cedar, and tall pine trees stand on the banks of the river, with birch trees just becoming green after the winter, and a few fishermen. The Mana, of a pleasant grey-green colour, meanders between small hills. Vladimir Kozhechkin is a senior research scientist at the nature reserve and a specialist in the ecology of large predators. He began his work at the reserve in 1979 and defended his thesis on the wolverine, a rare and difficult-to-study species, but the brown bear has also been within the field of his scientific interests for a long time now. However, outside the urban jungle, V. Kozhechkin does not look like a PhD in biology and an armchair scientist, he rather looks like a forester: warm trousers with a belt, a stretched grey turtleneck with a wide neck, rubber boots on his feet and an old blue-grey backpack on his shoulders.
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Post by brobear on Nov 8, 2022 3:13:25 GMT -5
Berly
The Berly cordon is located in the southern part of the reserve. There are no fishermen here: a "strictly protected area" begins from the right bank of Mana, upstream from the cordon.
“Forestry is a very difficult job: you have to know how to stock firewood, to monitor trailways and, ideally, to look after livestock as well as to observe nature... Young people today do not know how to do all this, and few people are ready to live and work on the reserve,” complains Vladimir Kozhechkin.
The old forester’s house at the cordon is rather rustic – with a stove, some firewood, old oily jackets hanging on the wall, wide fur-lined skis lie near the TV set. There are smells of a cellar and damp wood.
A notorious myth that bears in Siberia wander through the streets of cities has already become virtually no myth: in the last decade, bears have begun to come out into contact with humans into cities and towns, appearing in country houses, on highways, and on hiking trails in the national parks increasingly often.
A couple of years ago the tourism zone in the Stolby reserve was closed because of the appearance of a bear that did not hibernate, and "bear" news reports annually excite not only the residents of Krasnoyarsk Kray, but also Tomsk, Kemerovo and Omsk Oblasts (Regions) as well as other Regions. “The city affects the food base of the bear adversely.” Vladimir sips some tea, reaches for a sausage sandwich and continues: “For instance, 20 to 30 years ago, their food base was much richer, there were fields of berries and now there is almost no berries and there are not enough nuts. The creature is short of protein. In the lean years, bears were shot in one cemetery, because they came there and tore up fresh graves. Just imagine: a funeral procession is passing by, and a bear is digging up a fresh grave next to it.
The 1990s in Russia were watershed years not only for the society but also for natural habitats: berry yields fell sharply due to industrial emissions, the impact of the Kansko-Achinskiy fuel and energy complex (KATEK) has been noted by researchers even on the Yamal Peninsula, thousands of kilometers from Krasnoyarsk. Over several decades, the composition of the soils has seriously changed; the climate has become less predictable, which in particular has affected the harvest of pine nuts. However, the important thing is that over this time the animals have not had time to adapt to the drastic changes in nature.
We left the unfinished cold tea on the table and began to prepare to set off to the taiga.
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Post by brobear on Nov 8, 2022 3:14:38 GMT -5
The master's tracks
The bear in Siberia, just as in the whole of Russia, is more than just a bear. Political engineers use it as a symbol of national power, marketing specialists as a profitable regional brand, journalists as an excuse to boost the ratings of their evening news, and citizens use it as a horror story for foreign tourists. However, for zoologists, the brown bear is simply a brown bear, a large carnivorous mammal found in almost Russia’s entire forest zone.
“The bear, as you are saying, is the master of the taiga – but how can it be?” Vladimir Kozhechkin is genuinely surprised. “There are also wolverines, wolves, lynx... The brown bear is simply the most numerous predator in our reserve.”
In this remote taiga, the brown bear is really the most numerous. Only mites seem to be more numerous.
“Do many poachers hunt for bears?”
“Not really. The problem is that professional hunters don't hunt bears in sufficient numbers.” During the long period of their shared history, humans and bears ate the same food, used similar shelters and often preyed on one another. It is no coincidence that the indigenous peoples of Siberia, in particular Evenks, treated the bear with reverence and called it "amaka", which means "grandfather", while Russian peasants and Siberian long-time residents called the bear "the master" in conversations with each other in the late 19th and early 20th century. Hunting for this animal was for them a natural means of survival, and was accompanied by complex rituals and holidays. After man left the forest, bear hunting became one of the most prestigious and emotional activities, or simply a "trophy" activity: to procure a bear alone or with dogs is a really dangerous occupation. However, in the 20th century, especially since the mid-1980s, when Russia introduced licensing to hunt the "master", professional hunters started to go bear hunting increasingly less often, and bears grew in number in the taiga. These days, a lot of bears go to settlements, where they kill goats, horses, cows and pigs in farms, and scare summer residents in the country as well as urban dwellers.
“Hunting is a method of natural control of the population. It is labour-intensive and doesn't pay its way well,” says Vladimir. “The rural population is disappearing, and the number of hunters with good dogs, with huskies, who know how to hunt bears correctly, is in decline, and young people are not interested in this. In contrast, there are plenty of amateur hunters from the "moneybags" circles. They do not like the hassle of using dogs: they want to go out on a boat, sit down in their chair and spot a bear grazing on an open hillside, then they eye it up in their optical sights, and swat it. Today, bear hunting has become more difficult for an ordinary hunter: a license for the "trophy" costs three thousand roubles, and in recent years, hunting in dens has been banned, as this method of hunting was deemed to be "inhumane". In ancient times, all the nations in Eurasia hunted the brown bear in dens, and less often they hunted for the beast by meeting it accidentally, if it called on the hunter "to fight" – by leaving scratches on a tree. "Come out, you old man," they would say to the slain bear, apologizing and expressing their reverence, and then, when skinning the carcass, they imitated the undressing of the bear.
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Post by brobear on Nov 8, 2022 3:15:35 GMT -5
Precautionary measures
Both zoologists and experienced hunters say that the best way to avoid problems with this predator is not to seek encounters with it. Therefore, if you happen to be in the taiga, you should observe the depth of the forest closely, watch whether bushes move, listen carefully for a roar from afar, and if a bear is there but did not notice you yet, leave the place quietly but don't run.
The "normal" brown bear is a dangerous predator indeed, which, however, does not seek out meetings with man. Moreover, it is afraid of man. This "diplomat", says Kozhechkin, would also try to escape after having heard you. But there are situations when an encounter with a bear can be fatal. For example, if you see nice fluffy cubs (and they, out of stupidity, can run out on to a highway or walking trails in nature reserves and national parks), do not rush to be photographed or play with them, because the mother bear, even a few hundred meters away, after having sensed the enemy, would run to sort this out. It is unwise to show any interest in places where the brown bear has hidden its booty: no one wants to share a meal with a stranger. In June or July, look behind you to check whether there are mating bears nearby, because, according to zoologists, "the defiant, courageous condition of these animals can get you into trouble." Most importantly, you should watch and show – by talking, making noise, laughing and crying – that you are in the woods. Because an unexpected encounter with a bear, for instance in a berry field, can be fatal for you.
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Post by brobear on Dec 3, 2022 6:33:47 GMT -5
Posted by Shadow ( 2020 ); I find this interesting also because of the study I noticed recently concerning brown bears living in Hokkaido (I shared it in brown bears thread). They are considered by some to be same subspecies as Ussuri brown bears and some think, that different population. They had a lot of bears around 400 kg and a few even bigger (up to 520 kg). These things seem to back up claims, that Ussuri brown bears are, what comes to size, somewhere in between ”normal” inland brown bears and brown bears with access to salmon rivers. While Hokkaido brown bears have been quite isolated it´s natural to assume that the bears living in Russian far east have more genetic variation nowadays. But maybe still producing some really big ones more often than most other brown bear subspecies/populations. *Quote: "They had a lot of bears around 400kg ( 881.85 pounds ) and a few even bigger up to 520 kg ( 1,146.40 pounds ). 400 kg (882 pounds) Ussuri brown bear are not rare.
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Post by OldGreenGrolar on Dec 3, 2022 21:30:43 GMT -5
/\ I guess it depends on the region they are in.
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Post by brobear on Dec 6, 2022 6:50:23 GMT -5
/\ I guess it depends on the region they are in. Unfortunately, I know very little about the various regions they live in. Good in-depth information is difficult, if not impossible, to find on Asiatic bears.
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Post by brobear on Dec 29, 2022 13:26:31 GMT -5
Here is an Ussuri brown bear. Appears to be either a she-bear or a young adult male.
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Post by brobear on Jan 28, 2023 14:33:17 GMT -5
Why the Ussuri brown bear is the SCARIEST animal you’ll ever encounter. www.rbth.com/lifestyle/335835-ussuri-brown-bear Some 60 men with rifles were required to protect an entire village from just one of these gigantic bears. We reveal where they live, why they’re so fierce and who - if anyone - could pose a threat to it. How many bears do you think are needed to turn a village into a ghost town? At the Novaya Zemlya archipelago, some 50 polar bears terrorized a village, spurred by hunger into getting ever closer to human settlements. Now, what if we were to substitute those polar bears for just one Ussuri brown bear? Well, we have the answer to that question. Such an event once required a 60-man sniper squad! Before they finally got the predator (which is always the last resort), the bear had managed to evade capture for an entire month, eating seven villagers along the way. That story took place back in 1915 in the Japanese village of Rokusen-sawa, near Tomamae, on the island of Hokkaido. A century on, the so-called ‘Russian Grizzly’ continues to be considered one of the most aggressive species of bear on Earth. They live in the woods, highlands and coastal regions of the Ussuri part of Amur Region, Sakhalin island, Japan’s Hokkaido and Kunashir islands, as well as China’s northwest and on the Korean peninsula. Despite belonging to the brown subspecies, the Ussuri bear’s fur is slightly darker, sometimes even black, unlike your typical brown bear. This had led scientists to categorize it for the longest time as the result of a mixture between the brown and black asiatic species. The only bear bigger in size than the Ussuri brown bear is the Kodiak Island bear of Alaska - and not by much. Their Russian female cousins weigh 200-250 kg on average, with males growing to a hefty 600 kg! And when it stands on its hind feet, it can reach three meters in height. That sort of ‘gigantism’ is nothing supernatural - merely a result of a very wide-ranging diet. And they’re avid vegetarians (for the most part!). They love sea buckthorn, currants, chokeberries and tree bark - and can subsist on those things the entire summer. When nearby aquifers contain enough fish, the Russian grizzly’s diet makes up to 30 percent of it. And, before winter arrives, to quickly gain some weight, the bear gorges on agricultural crops, making its way into settlements and fields. Naturally, it’ll eat anything with a heartbeat just as easily, if opportunity presents itself. This, sadly, also includes small bear cubs. That is why the females of the subspecies lead a very “free” lifestyle - their offspring often having different fathers: the more cubs she has, the more males will think that one of them is theirs. And, even with that in mind, the female will do her utmost to protect the cubs for the first three years of their lives, preventing them from crossing paths with adult males. The Ussuri brown bear is solitary, aside from the mating period. However, there is one other apex predator around - and it’s considered to be the bear’s only real threat: the Amur tiger. And in places where their paths cross, a real war for dominance breaks out. Bears usually try to avoid such encounters, but hunger and manmade habitat depletion will often cause them to meet face to face with tigers. Who wins in such a battle, you ask? Well, from what we know, based on eyewitness accounts, the tiger is victorious in about 50 percent of cases (we discuss this at length here). But, there’s a nuance. Tigers prefer to attack younger bears that have not fully matured. And they’re ambush animals, often attacking bears during the hibernation period. Having killed the bear, the tiger will mostly consume its fat deposits. Today, the Ussuri brown bear is also considered the most at-risk subspecies. And that’s not down to the Amur tiger, but rather people, with their poaching and urban expansion.
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Post by brobear on Feb 11, 2023 5:06:43 GMT -5
MAX-SIZE Ussuri brown bear: books.google.com/books?id=fl0mAQAAMAAJ&q=It%20weighed *credits to King Kodiak... The Taiga by Vsevolod Sysoev: Ussuri brown bear weighed 1320 lbs (most likely the largest Ussuri brown bear on record), 51 inches (129.54 cm) on all fours, head and body length of 99 inches (251.46 cm), claws averaged 4 inches, neck circumference of 39 inches (99.06 cm):
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Post by Montezuma on Apr 15, 2023 14:22:04 GMT -5
"Populations of both species (Brown bear abd black bear) had been increased in 2018 by 10-15%."
"A multi-year database of bear images also allows for monitoring the impact of poachers on wildlife, estimating the proportion of affected animals and thus the intensity of poaching. Bears are large, strong predators, capable of escaping from a looping trap, from which the smaller, pain-sensitive, the smaller, pain-sensitive leopard would be unable to break free. So, bears can bebe indicators of the influence of poachers on rare animal populations in an area shared habitat. Scars caused by metal loops serve as good individual markers for identifying specific individuals bears. For example, a large adult female with 5 cubs has a scar from a loop trap, which allowed us to clearly distinguish her and her brood for three years."
www.researchgate.net/publication/348945660_USING_OF_PHOTO-TRAPS_FOR_INVESTIGATIONS_OF_BIOLOGY_OF_BROWN_BEAR_URSUS_ARCTOS_LINNAEUS_1758_AND_BLACK_BEAR_URSUS_THIBETANUS_G_CUVIER_1823_IN_THE_SOUTHWESTERN_PRIMORSKY_PROVINCE_RUSSIA
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Post by Montezuma on Aug 23, 2023 12:50:44 GMT -5
Natural habitat, population and management of Brown bear in the Amur region
Andrey PAVLOV, Maksim BORMOTOV and Aleksandr SENCHIK, Far Eastern State Agricultural University, Blagoveschensk, Russia
At present time, the actual problem in Amur region (Russia) is the population of brown bear. Forest fires have direct impact upon the conditions of this species’ habitat. Fires destroy their food supply and impair protective and breeding conditions. Brown bear is forced to migrate in search of food and sufficient habitat. Brown bear (Ursus arctos) is one of the biggest predators in the Amur region. According to our research there are species whose height reaches up to 2,5 m., and weight – up to 700 kilograms. On the average, a bear’s weight is 150 - 300 kilograms. Usually male bears are considerably bigger than females. Different subspecies have various fur color. In total sample, brown and grayish-brown colors of various brightness from light and whitish to dark brown prevail. Winter fur is very thick with well-developed undercoat. That is why during winter season bear’s skin is considered to have the best trophy qualities. Bear’s annual cycle of life can be divided into two periods: wakeful state (from spring to the beginning of winter) and hibernation (from the beginning of winter to spring). During summer.bears can migrate in search of food. Bears have well-developed hearing and sense of smell; their eyesight is less developed. The usual bear gait is slow and calm ambling, but in case of need an animal can run with the speed of up to 50 kilometers per hour. Bears are omnivorous animals. Their teeth structure points out that they are used to vegetable rather than to animal food.The most typical habitat of brown bears in the Amur region is taiga and the subzone of mixed forest. Often they come out of forests to moss moors. Females usually produce offspring once in 2-4 years. If a female has a non-manifest pregnancy, an embryo will not be developing before November, when the female goes to its den. The pregnancy lasts for 6-8 months, and the delivery occur from January to March, while a female is.still in hibernation. Bears reach puberty at the age of 4-6 years, but keep growing until 10-11 years. Their life span can be as long as 20-30 years. Bears do not have many enemies. Rarely a pack of wolves may attack a single animal. Sometimes a tiger can attack them, but big brown bear species are serious opponents for a tiger. The main subspecies in the Amur region is Amur brown bear (Ursus arctos lasiotus Gray, 1867). In our area they go to den by the end of November, and come out of hibernation at the end.of March or beginning of April. The seasoning may vary due to weather (air temperature, precipitation) or feeding conditions. Occasionally there are non-hibernating bears. Brown bears are widely spread in taiga zone. In steppe areas they are rarely to be encountered. The population of brown bear in the Amur region vary slightly, but the general tendency. during the period from 2012 to 2014 is that it grows.
www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.sizenken.biodic.go.jp/nichiro/Abstracts.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjMoY-ez9iAAxXXkZUCHR6tADwQFnoECA4QAQ&usg=AOvVaw2N867ujd9LnZPMD9rbUMuC
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Post by brobear on Aug 23, 2023 14:15:58 GMT -5
Quote; According to our research there are species whose height reaches up to 2,5 m. (8 feet 2.40 inches), and weight – up to 700 kilograms (1,543.24 pounds). On the average, a bear’s weight is 150 - 300 kilograms (330.69 pounds to 661.39 pounds).
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Post by OldGreenGrolar on Aug 26, 2023 1:05:21 GMT -5
/\ 700 kg is already exceptionally large for a male Ussuri brown bear.
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Post by brobear on Aug 28, 2023 17:56:55 GMT -5
/\ 700 kg is already exceptionally large for a male Ussuri brown bear. Or any other kind of bear.
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