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Post by brobear on Feb 7, 2022 5:56:38 GMT -5
THE AMUR TIGER PROGRAMME programmes.putin.kremlin.ru/en/tiger/news/26129 Full range census of Amur tiger in its entire habitat - 1 February 2022 In early February, a full range census of the Amur tiger will take place throughout the entire Amur tiger habitat in the Primorye and Khabarovsk territories, the Jewish Autonomous and the Amur regions. It is being organised and conducted by the Russian Ministry of Natural Resources, the governments of the Primorye and Khabarovsk territories, the Jewish Autonomous Region and the Amur Region, as well as nature reserves and national parks, and with support from the Amur Tiger Centre and the Russian Academy of Sciences. “As distinct from the monitoring of tigers conducted every year in about a fifth of the tiger habitat, this survey of the entire habitat is held once every ten years. This is a large-scale and expensive process in which over a thousand specialists and hundreds of pieces of equipment are involved,” reports the Ministry of Natural Resources website. According to the 2004-2005 census, there were 423 to 502 tigers. The census in 2014-2015 established that the number was between 523 and 540. The 2021-2022 census is extraordinary. It is being conducted seven years after the previous survey because of the reduction in the wild boar population in some places of the tiger habitat due to African swine fever, which had a direct impact on the number and distributions of the tigers. “The full range census will give us current information about the population and distribution of the Amur tiger in Russia, the spectrum of their diet and many other things. Although the need for current data was prompted by the wild boar problem, it will add credibility to our presentation at the upcoming International Tiger Protection Forum in Vladivostok on September 5, 2022,” said Amirkhan Amirkhanov, chair of the working group on preparing and conducting the full range tiger census in 2021-2022. A full range census is held in several stages. Preparing for it before winter, the organisers divided the predator’s entire habitat of over 180,000 sq km into sections of less than 10,000 sq km between coordinators. Then the coordinators divided these sections into smaller plots – from 150 to 200 sq km for the field workers or trackers. Each section includes from one to three recorded routes. In all, over 1,300 recorded routes were laid across the tiger’s habitat this year. Vladimir Aramilev, scientific coordinator of this year’s Full Range Tiger Survey said the predators are counted by the paw prints they leave in the snow. “One tiger is distinguished from the other by the imprint of the forepaw’s plantar pad. The width of the hind paw’s palmar pad is also taken into account. A combined imprint of both paws is used if necessary. To identify a species, trackers note the character of its trail and the direction of its movement. Starting with the 2014-2015 survey, we have made broad use of satellite navigation and photo and video recording. In parallel, we use information from automatic photo cameras,” Vladimir Aramilev said. During the seasonal stage of the survey, trackers collected information on the tiger trails, other predators and hoofed animals by section. They recorded this information in seasonal diaries that they forwarded to the coordinators. In the same stage, they installed photo traps to supplement the information on their trail survey in the future. Both the preparatory and seasonal stages are over now. “The Federal Specially Protected Nature Areas (SPNA) count the number of tigers in their areas annually, so I know they will do a good job with this as well. The main goal was to integrate their data into the general accounting data base, which they did by organising their work on time and maintaining good inter-structural coordination,” said Vladimir Stroganov, deputy director of the SPNA Department of State Policy and Regulation and the Baikal Nature Territory of the Ministry of Natural Resources. The next stage is simultaneous counting. This will start on February 5, 2022, weather permitting. At an agreed-upon time, the trackers will go to their smaller plots throughout the habitat and record tiger and other animal tracks. They will record the data in their diaries, including simultaneous counting, and then pass it on to the coordinators. “In the Primorye Territory, we are fully prepared for simultaneous counting. So far, we are seeing difficulties only in the Lazovsky and Partizansky districts where there is no snow almost generally. We are hoping for snowfall that will allow us to carry out our work in full,” said Alexei Surovy, first deputy minister of Primorye Territory Forestry and Fauna Protection. Proceeding from the information in seasonal and simultaneous counting diaries and photo trap data, the coordinators will evaluate the number of tigers in their respective sections and prepare a final report. “There was a lot of snow in some places in the Khabarovsk Territory and we had to cover all routes on snowmobiles so the tigers could leave their prints there. I am convinced that our efforts will improve the quality of the work. Because of the large distances we usually need more time to complete this than our colleagues in the neighbouring regions,” said Leonid Ivanov, chairman of the hunting sector committee at the Khabarovsk Territory Ministry of Natural Resources. “Taking the Amur tiger survey in the entire habitat is a complicated task that requires the concerted efforts of hunting supervision and SPNA inspectors, scientific associates, hunters, foresters and environmental experts. This time we have to assign backup field workers due to COVID-19,” said Sergei Aramilev, general director of the Amur Tiger Centre. He said at least 80 percent of those taking part in the survey this year already have experience from the winter of 2014-2015 survey. The preliminary results of the full range tiger survey will be announced at the end of May 2022. The final figures will be presented at the International Tiger Protection Forum in Vladivostok in September 2022.
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Tiger
Feb 26, 2022 5:16:48 GMT -5
Post by brobear on Feb 26, 2022 5:16:48 GMT -5
AMUR TIGER RESEARCH IN RUSSIA programmes.putin.kremlin.ru/en/tiger/history The first Russians to describe the Amur tiger were Nikolay Przhevalsky and Vladimir Arsenyev, Russian explorers who observed the tiger during their mid-19th century expedition to the Primorye and Khabarovsk territories. They called the subspecies the "Manchurian tiger". In 1925, the Manchurian Regional Studies Society in Kharbin published an essay by Nikolay Baikov entitled The Manchurian Tiger, which contained hunters' observations, descriptions of tiger hunting methods and the local population's superstitions about the animals. The history of the Amur tiger began to change as Russians first settled in the Far East. The indigenous populations had respected the tigers, seeing them as the masters of the taiga, and therefore historically avoided hunting them. Accordingly, the tiger population stood at an estimated 1,000 individuals in the mid-19th century. The new settlers brought with them uncontrolled commercial tiger hunting, killing up to 100 animals every year in the southern regions of the Far East. By the end of the 19th century, commercial hunting had become common in Russia, and the tiger was a favourite target for trophy hunters. By 1916, tigers could no longer be found on the eastern slopes of the Sikhote-Alin Mountain Range, and although small groups of tigers could still be occasionally be found near the Kur, Urmi, Khor, Bikin, Bolshaya Ussurka and Ussuri rivers and near the Black Mountains, their population continued to decline. As a result, within 10 to 15 years the Amur tiger population fell to one tenth of their historical numbers, never exceeding 100 animals. The division of the tiger's former range into isolated populations and the decline in numbers continued until the late 1930s, reducing the animals to the brink of extinction. In the 1930s the new Soviet government issued a decree establishing nature reserves and protected areas, including the Sikhote-Alin and Lazovsky nature reserves and later the Ussuri and Kedrovaya Pad reserves. The first major scientific study of the Amur tiger was conducted by Lev Kaplanov, the first director and founder of the Lazovsky Nature Reserve. He was also the first to count the population of Amur tigers in the winter of 1939 and 1940, surveying an area of 30,000 square kilometres that he determined to be the best habitat for the tigers in the Primorye Territory. Only a few dozen animals were found. In 1947 the government issued a blanket prohibition on tiger hunting in Russia. Moreover, catching tiger cubs was first restricted and later completely prohibited. Russian scientists have been studying the tigers in a thorough and comprehensive way ever since. Most research has relied on traditional observation methods, such as tracking the number of tigers through the winter and studying predators' tracks. All in all, Russian scientists such as Yevgeny Matyushkin from the Sikhote-Alin Natural Reserve walked more than 5,000 kilometres following tigers' tracks. Konstantin Abramov, the first director of the Sikhote-Alin Nature Reserve, used the traditional method of regular tiger population counts established by Kaplanov as the basis for his methodology for tiger tracking surveys. Nature reserves began conducting these surveys regularly in 1959, inviting local hunters to help and also surveying areas outside the reserves' boundaries. In addition, all tiger tracks discovered within the nature reserves were regularly recorded, particularly the tracks of female tigers and cubs. Tracks were recorded by experienced field specialists, mostly professional hunters, foresters and rangers working in the areas they managed. This allowed researchers to collect objective information about the number of tigers. The tiger population of the Primorye Territory began to increase in the 1960s, before which it had ranged between 80 and 100 individuals. Animals began to be spotted in remote areas of the Primorye Territory unaffected by human activity. Surveys conducted in the 1970s showed that the number of tigers had increased mostly along the northern fringes of their former range, where the tigers were moving into new habitats. The results of the annual tiger population surveys were entered into The Chronicle of Nature. Researchers working in nature reserves knew practically every tiger living in their respective reserves by sight. Population surveys from the 1980s and the early 1990s confirmed a further increase in tiger habitat and population, which stabilised at about 400 individuals. Research provided Russian scientists with a huge amount of information about tiger ecology, including migration patterns (Matyushkin, 1997), seasonal differences in feeding patterns (Yudakov and Nikolayev, 1970; Matyushkin, 1992) and breeding patterns and tiger cubs' chances of survival (Smirnov, 1986; Yudin, 2006). The most complete bibliography of scholarly works on the Amur tiger is contained in Yevgeny Matyushkin's study entitled The Amur Tiger in Russia. The Bibliographic Guide 1925-1997 (Moscow, 1998).
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Tiger
Feb 26, 2022 5:18:41 GMT -5
Post by brobear on Feb 26, 2022 5:18:41 GMT -5
AMUR TIGER RESEARCH IN RUSSIA - continued: After the collapse of the U.S.S.R., government funding for zoological research disappeared and Russia underwent an enormous social and economic transformation. Illegal poaching increased and a black market emerged to meet the Chinese demand for tiger skins, claws, whiskers, fangs and other organs for that country's non-traditional medicine. Economic development, road construction and significant growth in the oil and gas sector in the Far East left the tigers with less and less habitat. Nevertheless, during the difficult 1990s, Amur tiger conservation attracted the attention of international environmental foundations. The American Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) provided support for research and tiger population surveys. The WCS is currently working with the Far East with the Biology and Soil Science Institute and the Pacific Institute of Geography, both associated with the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, to carry out annual surveys of Amur tiger populations in 16 locations. Findings from this research in recent years (since 1994) have been compiled by Dale Miquelle, a Wildlife Conservation Society scientist working in the town of Terney in the Sikhote-Alin Nature Reserve, which until recently was the centre of tiger research. This compilation is entitled Tigers in the Sikhote-Alin Nature Reserve: Ecology and Conservation (Vladivostok, PSP, 2005, 224 pages). Moreover, the so-called Siberian Tiger Project is the world's longest running project to monitor natural tiger populations. Estimates based on the latest data from 2005 put the number of Amur tigers between 400 and 450. However, in the last decade the condition of Amur tiger populations has deteriorated as compared with the 1990s. Intensive farming in the area has destroyed the tiger habitat in sparsely forested flatlands, and the tiger populations in the Sikhote-Alin Mountain Range and the East Manchurian Mountains have become increasingly disassociated. Scientists worry that they may become completely isolated in the next decade. There has been an overall downward trend in tiger numbers. Today, the Amur tiger population is seriously threatened by both a lack of suitable habitat and adequate quality of prey, including ungulates such as Manchurian deer, as well as wild boar. Tigers are at greater risk in unprotected areas, where they often roam in close proximity to roads or wander into human settlements or logging areas. Finally, a lack of scientific knowledge of tiger biology leads to imperfect approaches to managing the Amur tiger population in Russia.
The Programme for the Research of the Amur Tiger in the Russian Far East was launched in 2008. The programme, which was developed by the Russian Academy of Sciences and enjoys the support of Vladimir Putin, is intended to develop a scientific basis for Amur tiger conservation. This has involved cutting-edge research methods, including the use of satellite tracking tags to monitor tiger migration and photo traps to identify tigers, as well as non-invasive molecular, genetic and hormone research, the zoological and veterinary examination of tigers, etc. The first scientific works from this new wave of organised research have already been published.
One of the programme's objectives is to formulate a new strategy for the protection of the Amur tiger in Russia. The first such strategy was published in 1996 and was intended to summarise the half century of Russian experience in protecting and researching the Amur tiger, as well as outline a long-term, comprehensive system of conservation measures.
A working group set up on the instructions of the Russian Natural Resources Ministry was able to draft a new strategy to protect the Amur tiger in six months. Russia's leading experts on the Amur tiger were invited to take part in the work. The new strategy for the protection of the Amur tiger in Russia and Actions Plan are expected to be considered during the International Tiger Summit to be held in St Petersburg in September 2010 and attended by heads of state and heads of government.
On November 21-24, 2010, St Petersburg hosted the International Tiger Conservation Forum which featured representatives of 13 countries that have wild tigers. The forum participants approved a global programme for the restoration of the tiger population and a declaration of tiger conservation. Russia will enact a national Amur Tiger Conservation Strategy. Last summer, as instructed by President Vladimir Putin, the Russian Geographical Society established the Siberian Tiger Centre. Experts developed recommendations to improve the legal framework for conserving the flora and fauna. Re-equipping hunting oversight services is in progress. Support is provided to specially protected areas and individual hunting. Projects are developed to inform and educate the public on environmental issues.
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Mar 3, 2022 9:26:13 GMT -5
Post by brobear on Mar 3, 2022 9:26:13 GMT -5
Forty-one adult tigers recorded at Land of the Leopard National Park programmes.putin.kremlin.ru/en/tiger/news/26140 As of early 2022, 41 adult Amur tigers were recorded at Land of the Leopard National Park. The data was collected during a count of Amur tigers throughout their entire habitat by recording their tracks on the snow. In February 2022, Land of the Leopard National Park in Russia’s Far East was the venue for the winter-time tiger count. Similar counts were conducted in Kedrovaya Pad State Biosphere Reserve and Ussuri Nature Reserve. Experts conducted the count at Land of the Leopard following snowfalls on protected territories. The three-day fieldwork project involved over 40 members of staff. They studied the entire territory of Land of the Leopard, Kedrovaya Pad State Biosphere Reserve and Ussuri Nature Reserve or 328,000 hectares. They moved on foot and also used all-terrain vehicles in the rugged terrain. “Full-scale tiger counts aim to record the tracks of Amur tigers and those of hoofed animals, their main prey. We recorded the tracks of other predators. Of course, for us, the leopard tracks were the priority. Apart from the tiger count on protected areas in the southwestern Primorye Territory, we counted Far Eastern leopards, the rarest big feline worldwide. We will systematise our data and include it in the state environmental monitoring survey covering animal populations at Land of the Leopard,” said National Park’s director Viktor Bardyuk. The total Amur tiger count is organised and conducted by the Russian Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, the governments of the Primorye and Khabarovsk territories, the Jewish Autonomous Region and the Amur Region, as well as at reserves and national parks with the support of the Amur Tiger Centre and the Russian Academy of Sciences.
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Tiger
Mar 4, 2022 0:58:59 GMT -5
Post by brobear on Mar 4, 2022 0:58:59 GMT -5
THE AMUR TIGER programmes.putin.kremlin.ru/en/tiger/news The Amur tiger (also known as the Ussuri, Siberian, Altaic, Korean, Manchurian or North China tiger) is the largest and one of the least numerous subspecies of tigers. Amur tigers can be as long as two metres and their tails can be one metre long. Females are only 75% of the size of the males. Adult tigers usually weigh up to 300 kilogrammes ( 660 pounds ); the heaviest tiger on record weighed 384 kilogrammes ( 846 pounds ). These tigers are very strong and are able to drag a horse's carcass for more than 500 metres. The tiger's coat is beautifully coloured: it has dark horizontal stripes against an orange-brown background on its back and both sides. It is commonly believed that that the striped pattern is unique for each tiger - it would be difficult to meet two tigers with the same pattern of stripes. Despite the brightness, the stripes do serve as camouflage for the tigers. Tigers live about 15 years on average. They can live up to 50 years, but they generally die earlier than that. The tiger is a dominant carnivore living in a unique ecosystem, the Ussuri taiga. The condition of tiger populations is an indicator of the state of the environment in the entire Far East. Tigers are predators who feed exclusively on animals, primarily larger prey. They spend most of the time hunting as only one in ten attempts to catch prey is successful. The animals' diet consists of Manchurian deer, wild boar and sika deer. To stay strong and healthy, the tiger needs to eat about 50 to 70 hoofed animals ( Manchurian deer, sikas, roe deer or wild boars ) a year. If these animals happen to be scarce in the tigers' habitat, then the tigers feed on badgers and raccoon dogs and they may also attack livestock and dogs. Amur tigers not only hunt but also catch fish: they catch fish in the shallow waters of highland rivers during spawning season. The tiger can eat up to 30 kilogrammes ( 66 pounds ) of food in one sitting and its daily ration is nine to ten kilogrammes of meat. When food is plentiful, tigers quickly get fat and their hypodermic fat often grows five or six centimetres thick. Because of this, tigers can easily go without food for a week and even more between successful chases or in winter when they need to travel over great distances to new habitats. However, tigers may suffer from starvation and sometimes even die from emaciation during the snowy winters. Although Amur tigers are widely believed to be man-eaters, they seldom wander into human territory or attack people. On the contrary, they try not to expose themselves to humans, although they are less fearful of humans than other large animals. Amur tigers are only likely to attack humans when they are wounded or forced into a corner. The tiger is a solitary territorial predator, which is typical for the majority of big cats. The tiger usually stays within a particular range of land, though it sometimes travels great distances for food. The tiger marks its territory in a special way. Usually these are fragrant marks: the tiger splashes urine on trees or rocks. Sometimes it scratches the ground in places that it has marked. Besides this, the tiger scratches bark on trees with the claws of its front paws: such scratches can be found to two and a half metres above the ground and are indicative of the size of the animal that has left them. The adult male guards its territory from intruders, roaring to demonstrate its strength. However, tigers rarely fight. The tigers greet one another with special sounds that they make by vigorously inhaling air through the nose and mouth. Friendly behaviour is marked by the animals touching their heads or faces, or rubbing their sides. The Amur tiger is a quiet animal. Some zoologists who have studied the animal for many years have not heard the tiger roar even once. However, when searching for a mate, tigers, particularly females, are inclined to bellow often. If the tiger is irritated, it will growl hoarsely; when it is angry, it makes a characteristic "cough." When contented, it purrs like a house cat. Tigers breed approximately every two years. These animals are polygamous: one male tiger can have one to three females living with it on its territory. A rival's appearance on its territory may end in fighting. Gestation lasts 95 to 112 days and there are usually two to four cubs in a litter. During the first week of the nursing period, the tigress stays with the young at all times. Male tigers, on the other hand, do not look after the cubs at all. In the next three or four months the tigress only rarely leaves her cubs for a few hours. Soon, the cubs start following their mother, learning to hunt. The cubs stay with their mother for at least 18 to 24 months. Even after starting to lead their own lives, they continue to live in a group on their mother's territory for another few months. Young tigers are not very good at hunting, and therefore they are often left without food. In order to find food, they follow in their mother's tracks to pick up her leftovers. The tigers reach sexual maturity when they are three to four years old, but only half of all newborn cubs reach this age. The Amur tiger is found in the southeast of Russia, along the Amur and Ussuri Rivers, in the northeast of China (Manchuria) and in the northern parts of North Korea. It ranges almost all over the Primorye Territory (except the Khorol district) and in the east of the Khabarovsk Territory. The northern boundary of its habitat is not far from 49 degrees north latitude. The animal's range extends about 1,000 kilometres from north to south and from 600 to 700 kilometres from east to west. Amur tigers are primarily found in the Sikhote Alin foothills and in the Lazovsky district of the Primorye Territory. They range in the valleys of the highland rivers and the valleys that are covered with Manchurian forests which are dominated by oak and cedar trees. Tigers also live in pure cedar forests in the mountains covered with deciduous vegetation, and also make their home in secondary forests. In winter, when game is scarce, they often roam near human settlements. Every adult tiger has a home range of his own, which averages between 250 and 450 square kilometres for females and up to 2,000 square kilometres for males. The Amur tiger is one of the rarest species of animals in the world. There were still large tiger populations in the mid-19th century, but by the end of the 19th century up to 100 animals were killed annually. This pushed the Amur tiger to the brink of extinction by the late 1930s, when no more than 50 animals were left in the USSR. The shrinking population of Amur tigers has largely been caused by habitat destruction (deforestation), ever scarcer game (dwindling numbers of various hoofed animals) and overhunting by poachers.
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Tiger
Mar 28, 2022 11:06:59 GMT -5
Post by brobear on Mar 28, 2022 11:06:59 GMT -5
*March 28, 2022
The Ussuri brown bear in the taiga forest of the Far East, the Siberian tiger, the king of beasts, is the soul of the dead under its claws _ 2022-03-28 23:57 HKT inf.news/en/animal/e2b5e1e47b47e34e9df3f8152852c5d8.html The vast northern coniferous forest showed dense green spreads to the horizon. In Canada, it is called the "Northern Forest", named after the Greek "God of the North Wind"; in Russia, it is called the "Taiga", although the names are different, but they all refer to the same kind of place. In the taiga, broad-leaved forest and deciduous forest in the far southeastern region of Russia, there lives a species unique to the forest ecosystem - "Amur tiger", also known as "Siberian tiger" or "Amur tiger". There are two kinds of bears living in the habitat at the same time, namely the Ussuri brown bear and the Asiatic black bear. Because the three species share a common habitat, tigers and bears come into contact with each other, forming a complex relationship between the species.
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Tiger
Mar 28, 2022 11:08:32 GMT -5
Post by brobear on Mar 28, 2022 11:08:32 GMT -5
Before the Amur Tiger Project began in 1992, researchers had not specifically studied the relationship between Amur tigers and brown bears and Asiatic black bears. Phased and interrogative data on this issue were previously collected by different authors in Primorye and Khabarovsk Krai, but these data do not fully describe the relationship and interaction between brown bears, black bears and tigers . Due to the application of radio telemetry and satellite tracking methods as well as traditional methods of studying predators, comprehensive research has been carried out in and around the Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve, including tracking tigers, brown bears and Asiatic black bears. Analysis of the obtained results and discussion of them using previously published information allows us to explore this topic in more detail.
In many previous articles and scientific research documents, the relationship between the three was viewed from the perspective of the tiger, and the bear often appeared as a supporting role of the tiger. This article is changed to take a look at the relationship between the three from the perspective of a bear this time, as well as many views that are often circulating on the Internet. The content quoted in this article comes from scientific research papers, and its authenticity and reliability are by no means comparable to social account tweets, media web articles, cool articles, chat screenshots, and pinyin readings that a group worships. This article will focus on answering the following questions: 1. Can bears kill tigers? 2. Does the bear have the initiative in the relationship between the bear and the tiger? 3. Will brown bears chase tigers over long distances? 4. Is the tiger in the bear's recipe? 5. Can a tiger kill a hibernating adult male brown bear?
The issues listed above have been rumoured and misled by certain groups for a long time, so what is the truth of the facts? Below we answer each question one by one.
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Tiger
Mar 28, 2022 11:11:40 GMT -5
Post by brobear on Mar 28, 2022 11:11:40 GMT -5
1. Can bears kill tigers? Black bears killing tigers have never been reported, black bears may eat dead tiger carcasses. Scientific research papers only record that brown bears have the ability to kill tigers. In the 2010 scientific research paper "Basic Types of Brown Bear Interspecies Relationships in the Sikhote-Alin Region": "Mammals are often hunted by brown bears. This predator can prey on any animal within its range, even if It's a tiger." This is the conclusion given by the paper, and it is by no means something that a social account can simply tweet about. The paper also includes a tiger skeleton that was eaten by a brown bear.
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Mar 28, 2022 11:13:36 GMT -5
Post by brobear on Mar 28, 2022 11:13:36 GMT -5
In the 2005 paper Amur tiger engineering monograph "Chapter 19: The relationship between Amur tigers and brown bears and black bears", the 2006 paper "The brown bear of Sikhote-Alin: ecology, behavior, conservation and economic utilization", 2017 paper " The Interspecies Relationship between Amur Tigers, Brown Bears, and Asiatic Black Bears” both pointed out: Tigers as a Feeding Object of Bears”. There are 12 cases of brown bears killing tigers, 6 of which were adult tigers. 4 cases of cubs, the other 2 cases did not account for their age."
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Tiger
Mar 28, 2022 11:14:41 GMT -5
Post by brobear on Mar 28, 2022 11:14:41 GMT -5
The ability of brown bears to kill tigers is well documented and supported by concrete examples. There is no doubt about the affirmative answer. Original text: "In the case of relatively small tiger populations, the death of some individuals can significantly affect population status. However, it is more likely that some old, injured or debilitated individuals die in a fight with brown bears; thus, brown bears It will help to eliminate tigers that are potentially dangerous to humans (Kostoglod, 1981). Predation by brown bears is one of the reasons for the death of cubs. Gorokhov (1977) counted 14 cubs that died in 1951-1972, 3 of them Just killed by brown bears."
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Tiger
Mar 28, 2022 11:17:23 GMT -5
Post by brobear on Mar 28, 2022 11:17:23 GMT -5
2. Does the bear have the initiative in the relationship between the bear and the tiger? Let's take a look at the opinions that are widely circulated on the Internet. Most of them are taken for granted, and they cannot escape the tiger speed theory, tiger flexibility theory and tiger skill theory. These viewpoints believe that tigers are fast and have absolute control over the battlefield. They can fight if they can, but they can run if they can't. Is this really the case? Tigers, as active predators of pure meat, usually take the initiative to attack. However, both brown bears and Asiatic black bears are mainly vegetarian, with a vegetarian ratio of 78.4% and 94.1%, respectively. But in years of famine, brown bears can become aggressive and aggressive. Brown bears sometimes attack tigers.
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Tiger
Mar 28, 2022 11:18:49 GMT -5
Post by brobear on Mar 28, 2022 11:18:49 GMT -5
Original content: In 45 cases of conflict between brown bear and tiger, 13 cases of tiger actively attacked, 8 cases of brown bear active attack, in 51.1% of the cases, the tiger won, in 26.7% of the cases, the bear won, in 22.2% of the cases In the example, the winner is not determined. At this time, someone proposed that the tiger has a high winning rate, and the tiger kills more brown bears , so the tiger is stronger than the brown bear. However, tigers are active predators of pure meat, while brown bears are scavengers with 78.4% vegetarian food. Brown bears must be much less aggressive than tigers. The gold content of the 8 active attacks of the highly vegetarian brown bear on the tiger is already quite high.
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Tiger
Mar 28, 2022 11:20:03 GMT -5
Post by brobear on Mar 28, 2022 11:20:03 GMT -5
3. Will brown bears chase tigers over long distances? The third question is actually an in-depth exploration of tiger speed theory. Whether the brown bear will chase the tiger, and how far the chase distance, the answer is given in the following two examples. Underlined: "In some cases, brown bears can hunt tigers for long periods of time and be successful."
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Mar 28, 2022 11:21:25 GMT -5
Post by brobear on Mar 28, 2022 11:21:25 GMT -5
Two specific examples are given in the following literature. Original text: "Kostoglod (1981) described an incident in which a large brown bear chased a male tiger (the tiger's front pad width was 10.5 cm, which should belong to a young male tiger), and the bear continued to follow the tiger for more than 14 kilometers. Finally, the tiger crossed it. Frozen channels with many human footprints stopped the bears from pursuing them. In another incident, the remains of a tiger eaten by a bear were found (Kostoglod, 1981), and miles of river beach were covered with predator footprints, The tiger circled and turned in a circle, trying to escape capture, but was caught and torn to pieces." These two examples show the horror of brown bears vividly. In their active period, brown bears eat 21.6% of meat and 78.4% of vegetarians. But when the year of famine comes, the brown bear's favorite nuts and acorns fail, the number of hoofed animals dwindles, and an existential crisis looms, and starvation forces the "big Siberian hamster" to become a "big devil in the taiga" . At times, they will also unceremoniously attack the "uncrowned king of the taiga" - the tiger. Although the tiger is the supreme belief of a certain group, nothing is to be offended in the presence of a hungry brown bear.
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Tiger
Mar 28, 2022 11:23:31 GMT -5
Post by brobear on Mar 28, 2022 11:23:31 GMT -5
4. Is the tiger in the bear's recipe? You can often hear such sayings on the Internet: "The brown bear is in the tiger's recipe, so the tiger is strong", "The brown bear is just the tiger's food" , etc. The central idea is "The tiger eats the brown bear, so the tiger is the most powerful" . According to scientific research, bears do occupy a certain proportion in the diet of tigers. But appearing in the recipe does not mean that the tiger killed the bear it eats, nor can it be concluded that who is stronger than the other! Scavenger is a broader food source . Note that eating is not the same as killing.
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Tiger
Mar 28, 2022 11:25:03 GMT -5
Post by brobear on Mar 28, 2022 11:25:03 GMT -5
If eating is equal to being in the recipe, then the tiger must also be in the recipe of the brown bear. Not only that, according to the research of the scientific research paper, the tiger also occupies a certain proportion in the recipe of the brown bear. Similarly, the tiger is also in the brown bear's diet, but it does not mean that the brown bear killed the tiger it ate! According to the 2015 paper "Comparative Study of the Diet Composition of Brown Bears and Asian Black Bears in the Central Sikhote-Alin Region", tigers accounted for 1.7% of the brown bear's diet in spring, and the brown bear's meat diet at this time was 32.4% . The total active period diet accounted for 0.4% , and the meat ratio of all active brown bears was 21.6%.
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Tiger
Mar 28, 2022 11:27:55 GMT -5
Post by brobear on Mar 28, 2022 11:27:55 GMT -5
5. Can tigers kill hibernating adult male brown bears? There is such a view that tigers can hunt and kill hibernating male bears. In fact, this is another assumption and has no basis. The hibernation of bears is very different from that of cold-blooded animals. Bears can wake up at any time during the hibernation process. During a bear's hibernation, tigers will hunt and kill hibernating bears, but not all hibernating bears.
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Tiger
Mar 28, 2022 11:28:54 GMT -5
Post by brobear on Mar 28, 2022 11:28:54 GMT -5
Original text: "Tigers do not always dare to attack when they encounter hibernating bears. Such an incident was observed in the frontier: an adult female tiger found a large male bear sleeping in a cave, did not attempt to attack, but retreated A tiger passing by and seeing a large male bear hibernating in an open cave, the tiger suddenly turned 25 meters from the cave and left in the opposite direction along his own tracks (Yudakov, Nikolaev, 1987).” Two cases of tigers encountering hibernating brown bears are described above. Tigers kill hibernating bears, the key is the size of the bear, even if the big brown bear is hibernating, the tiger will not dare to attack.
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Tiger
Mar 28, 2022 11:31:25 GMT -5
Post by brobear on Mar 28, 2022 11:31:25 GMT -5
In the monographs on Amur tiger engineering "Chapter 19: The relationship between Amur tigers and brown bears and black bears" and "Brown bears in Sikhote-Alin: ecology, behavior, conservation and economic utilization", it is pointed out: "Tigers kill only female brown bears. Brown bears and cubs, no adult males were killed." This article has addressed the five questions listed above (1. Can bears kill tigers? 2. In the relationship between bears and tigers, do bears have the initiative? 3. Will brown bears chase tigers over long distances? 4. Does tigers In the bear's recipe? 5. Can tigers hunt and kill hibernating adult male brown bears?) has made answers, and each answer is based on scientific research examples. If you have any doubts about the content of this article, please give a basis that is equivalent to that of the scientific research paper, and refuse any group's fraud, brain supplementation, obscenity, tweets, online texts, stall texts, and pinyin readings.
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Tiger
Mar 29, 2022 1:18:25 GMT -5
Post by brobear on Mar 29, 2022 1:18:25 GMT -5
From Reply #2 thru Reply #15 is a rehash; a fresh look and a clear perspective of some old documented and confirmed studies of the relationship between the Amur tiger and the bears which share his environment. Quote: In the monographs on Amur tiger engineering "Chapter 19: The relationship between Amur tigers and brown bears and black bears" and "Brown bears in Sikhote-Alin: ecology, behavior, conservation and economic utilization", it is pointed out: "Tigers kill only female brown bears. Brown bears and cubs, no adult males were killed."
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