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Post by King Kodiak on Apr 8, 2020 20:23:20 GMT -5
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Post by brobear on Apr 14, 2020 7:04:35 GMT -5
shaggygod.proboards.com/thread/360/general?page=1&scrollTo=509 by grrraaahhh - Nov 30, 2010 ABSTRACT 1. At the end of the Last Glacial Maximum brown bears Ursus arctos recolonized the glacial landscape of Central and Northern Europe faster than all other carnivorous mammal species of the Holocene fauna. Ursus arctos was recorded in Northern Europe from the beginning of the Late-Glacial. The recolonization of northern Central Europe may have taken place directly after the maximum glaciation. The distribution of the brown bear was restricted to glacial refugia only during the Last Glacial Maximum, for probably no more than 10 000 years. 2. Genetic analyses have suggested three glacial refugia for the brown bear: the Iberian Peninsula, the Italian Peninsula and the Balkans. Subfossil records of Ursus arctos from north-western Moldova as well as reconstructed environmental conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum in this area suggest to us a fourth glacial refuge for the brown bear. Because of its connection to the Carpathians, we designate this as the ‘Carpathian refuge’. 3. Due to the low genetic distance between brown bears of northern Norway, Finland, Estonia, north-eastern Russia and the northern Carpathians (the so-called eastern lineage), the Carpathians were considered the geographical origin of the recolonization of these regions. During the recolonization of northern Europe the brown bear probably reached these areas rapidly from the putative Carpathian refuge. The recolonization of Europe by brown bears Ursus arctos Linnaeus, 1758 after the Last Glacial Maximum onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2907.2005.00063.x/abstract
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Post by tom on Apr 24, 2020 14:51:14 GMT -5
Bear after a fight with a Bear: Anyone have the story behind this picture? Never mind; I found this; Frank321 Quote: Alright. Here's an old boar that was killed in a fight with another boar (credited to Warsaw for showing me the image and giving me the information): This is the famous picture that the Tiger fanboys claim the Bear was killed by a Tiger. They use this picture religiously.
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Post by brobear on Apr 25, 2020 2:52:30 GMT -5
Bear after a fight with a Bear: Anyone have the story behind this picture? Never mind; I found this; Frank321 Quote: Alright. Here's an old boar that was killed in a fight with another boar (credited to Warsaw for showing me the image and giving me the information): This is the famous picture that the Tiger fanboys claim the Bear was killed by a Tiger. They use this picture religiously. Yeah, the fan-boys ( not the sensible big cat enthusiasts ) are well known for posting a picture then making up a story to add to the post. They care nothing about the truth nor even reality. To them its a game and they want to win. ( by lying cheating and creating fake data ).
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Post by King Kodiak on Apr 25, 2020 16:31:15 GMT -5
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Post by brobear on May 15, 2020 4:44:56 GMT -5
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Post by brobear on May 15, 2020 4:50:53 GMT -5
worldcrunch.com/rue-amelot/on-the-trail-of-invisible-bears-wreaking-havoc-in-the-pyrenees On The Trail Of Invisible Bears Wreaking Havoc In The Pyrenees The conference, organized by members of an EU-backed conservation project called PirosLife, was on the topic of large carnivores. And while there were several talks about wolves — and one on the endangered Iberian lynx — the primary focus of the event was the Eurasian brown bear (Ursus arctos arctos), a cousin of the American grizzly. In the Pyrenees Mountains, the species was hunted almost to extinction by the end of the 20th century. But thanks to the strategic reintroduction of bears brought in from Slovenia, the animals are now making a modest comeback. Researchers estimate that there are perhaps 50 bears here, mostly in the central part of the range in the French department of Ariège and, on the Spanish side, in areas like the Val d'Aran. Whether that's enough to make the population "viable" — self-sustaining, in other words — remains to be seen. Eating horses isn't a normal thing for bears. They tend to be vegetarians. Conservationists worry about inbreeding, as a large portion of the bears are thought to be descendants of a single male, Pyros, who was introduced from Slovenia in 1997 and is now presumed dead.
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Post by brobear on May 17, 2020 14:12:21 GMT -5
carpathianbear.pl/en/brown-bear/bears-in-europe/ CARPATHIAN BROWN BEAR PROJECT - Bears in Europe and the world Brown bear is the most widely distributed species of bear in the world. Its Holarctic range covers Europe, Asia and North America from the arctic tundra to dry and desert habitats. In the past, at least for the Holocene, brown bears have also been found in northern Africa, but it is not certain whether they survived there until the historical times. The former European range of the species covered the whole continent, Britain, Ireland and Sicily. Historically, bears have been eradicated from most of Europe. With the proliferation of human populations, the range of bears has been increasingly limited to areas less accessible and far from human settlements. In Western Europe there are currently only isolated isolated populations in the Cantabrian Mountains, Pyrenees, Apennines and the Italian Alps, whose numbers range from a few to several dozen individuals. A slightly better situation is the species in central and southern Europe, where bears are found in most of the mountain ranges, with the Carpathian populations of over 8,000 being the largest in the region. Most numerous and most widely distributed is northern population (Kareliand and Scandinavian), ranging from Scandinavia through Finland and the European part of Russia to the Ural, where it connects to the range of North Asian populations that inhabited vast areas of Siberia to Chukotka, Kamchatka and the Korean Peninsula. In Central Asia the range of the species is more fragmented, reaching the Himalayas and Asia Minor. Brown bears inhabit also the islands of Sakhalin and Hokkaido. In North America, the current range of the species extends primarily to Alaska and western Canada. Historically, brown bears have also settled in much of the western United States and northern Mexico. It is estimated that more than 200,000 brown bears live in the world today. The largest is the Russian population, which in 1990 was estimated at 125 thousand individuals, including about 36 thousand in the European part of Russia. In the United States (mainly Alaska) live about 33 thousand, Canada 25 thousand, and in Europe (without Russia) about 14 thousand of these animals. Although the brown bear is a relatively numerous species, many small isolated populations are severely endangered, especially in Western Europe and Asia, on the southern outskirts of the world. In order to improve the status of some such populations, reintroduction programs were carried out in Italy, Austria and the French Pyrenees. Of numerous studies on the current status of brown bears in Europe, we recommend the reports of the European Commission, developed by a team of experts in the field of research, conservation and management of large carnivore populations, i.e. “Status, management and distribution of large carnivores, lynx, wolves and wolves in Europe” edited by Composition: Petra Kaczensky, Guillaume Chapron, Manuela von Arx, Djuro Huber, Henrik Andrén and John Linnell. The latest scientific study on, inter alia, the brown bear population in Europe is Chapron et al. 2014. Recovery of large carnivores in Europe’s modern human-dominated landscapes. Science, 346 (6216): 1517-1519. DOI: 10.1126 / science.1257553.
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Post by brobear on May 17, 2020 14:18:13 GMT -5
According to Reply #77 the majority of European brown bears are Carpathian brown bears.
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Post by King Kodiak on May 17, 2020 14:56:40 GMT -5
According to Reply #77 the majority of European brown bears are Carpathian brown bears. Thats true. An estimated 8000 are from the Carpathian mountains. Out of those, Around 4 to 5 thousand are Romanian.
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Post by brobear on May 17, 2020 14:57:57 GMT -5
According to Reply #77 the majority of European brown bears are Carpathian brown bears. Thats true. En estimated 8000 are from the Carpathian mountains.Carpathian brown bear - my new favorite bear - ( for the record )
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Post by King Kodiak on May 17, 2020 15:01:12 GMT -5
Thats true. En estimated 8000 are from the Carpathian mountains. Carpathian brown bear - my new favorite bear - ( for the record ) Really brobear? Even more than Horribilis?
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Post by brobear on May 17, 2020 15:32:24 GMT -5
Carpathian brown bear - my new favorite bear - ( for the record ) Really brobear? Even more than Horribilis?Oh, I still love the true grizzly, but after reading about the historic prairie grizzlies which hunted bison, range cattle, and mustangs ( and later became notorious outlaws ) the mountain grizzlies are smaller by ( roughly ) 150 to 200 pounds on average. They do occasionally impress me by killing a moose or a bull elk. They impress me by dominating a wolf pack. So yeah, I still admire the grizzly, but the Carpathian - we know what kind of bear the champion Gloriosus was.
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Post by King Kodiak on May 17, 2020 15:53:47 GMT -5
Ok but then you read that Gloriosus was Carpathian? Because remember, it could had been an Atlas bear also. Although yeah, Pastoureau said that the giant bears from the Carpathians and also from Dalmatia (Croacia) were invencible.
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Post by King Kodiak on May 17, 2020 16:01:17 GMT -5
IN THE CIRCUS ARENA, BEARS WERE PRACTICALLY INVINCIBLE, ESPECIALLY THE GIANT BEARS IMPORTED FROM CALEDONIA (SCOTLAND), DALMATIA (CROATIA), AND THE CARPATHIANS.
THEY DID NOT FIGHT AGAINST EACH OTHER BUT AGAINST BULLS, LIONS, OR SPECIALIZED GLADIATORS ASSISTED BY DOGS.
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Post by brobear on May 17, 2020 16:15:19 GMT -5
www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-44699233 Lost history of brown bears in Britain revealed By Helen Briggs BBC News A new study reveals the hidden history of brown bears in Britain, suggesting they still roamed wild 1,500 years ago. The research raises two scenarios. Either "native bears" went extinct around the early Middle Ages, or they disappeared some 3,000 years ago in the Bronze Age or in Neolithic times. Live bears were also imported by the Romans for fighting or displays. Little is known about the animal's history, despite talk of "re-wilding", says archaeologist Dr Hannah O'Regan. Her trawl of museum archives and published records is the most detailed examination yet of the brown bear in Britain. "The brown bear has been very closely associated with people for thousands of years in Britain - either wild or captive," says Dr O'Regan, from the department of classics and archaeology at the University of Nottingham. "Brown bears and people have been inter-linked through time. We see that today with our teddy bears." It is not possible to say exactly when and where bears died out in the wild, as there is little evidence from natural sites, such as caves, fens and bogs. One scenario, based on evidence from a cave in the Yorkshire Dales, suggests the brown bear went extinct in the early medieval period - between about 425 and 594 AD. However, there is a slim chance that the Yorkshire cave bears were descendants of bears imported into Britain from elsewhere in Europe by the Romans. In this version of events, bears went extinct much earlier, in the late Neolithic or early Bronze Age, with other finds coming from imported bears, alive or dead. Whichever turns out to be true, bears have left their mark on British history through artworks, grave stones, bones, skins and museum specimens. Bears in Britain: A brief history Before the Ice Age The brown bear (Ursus arctos) was once widespread across Britain, found in the wild from Devon in southern England to Sutherland in northern Scotland. However, by the end of the last Ice Age, populations had dwindled and it had become rare. After the Ice Age From the Ice Age onwards, Dr O'Regan found evidence of bears (alive or dead) at 85 places in England and Scotland, from the Stone Age to post-Medieval times. Bears were scarce in Scotland, Wales and the East Midlands, but more frequently found in Yorkshire, the east, the south and London. There is little data from Wales, possibly because specimens have not yet been analysed. Numbers started to decline further during the Stone Age, falling to very low numbers in the Iron Age. Bears in Roman Britain (AD 43-410) There appear to have been more bears in Roman Britain - suggesting live animals were imported from continental Europe. The fact that museum specimens from Roman times contain lots of body parts suggests live bears were probably present and used in entertainment, including bear dancing and baiting. Early medieval times (AD 410-1066) During Anglo-Saxon times, bear claws were found in cremation urns. And in the Viking Age, large carved stones called hogbacks, used to mark graves, have been found carved with bears. Dr O'Regan says people may have associated the bear with certain traits, such as power. The discovery of tiny bear figurines at children's graves suggests they might have been put there to guard and protect the occupants. AD1066 onwards After the end of medieval times, the only evidence for bears was found in London - because of bear-baiting arenas on the south bank of the Thames - and in Edinburgh, where specimens were kept at a medical school, possibly for teaching students. Bears were present in the Tower of London and continued to be imported into Britain until well into the 20th century. Dancing bears were a common form of entertainment. Bears were also widely used for their body parts, with bear grease still being sold in Britain in the early 20th century as a putative treatment for hair loss. The work is published in the journal Mammal Review.
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Post by King Kodiak on May 18, 2020 8:57:39 GMT -5
According to Reply #77 the majority of European brown bears are Carpathian brown bears. Actually no brobear, outside of Russia, there are around 14.000 European brown bears, 8.000 of which are from the Carpathians. But you have to remember that in the European side of Russia, (the western side), there are around 36.000 brown bears (Ursus arctos arctos). So this would be the majority of European brown bears. (Check reply #77).
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Post by brobear on May 18, 2020 18:34:43 GMT -5
So; what clade of brown bear lives in "Euro-Russia"? ( I still find it weird that Russia is in two continents ). en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasian_brown_bear The oldest fossils are from the Choukoutien, China, and date back about 500,000 years. It is known from mtDNA studies that during the Pleistocene ice age it was too cold for the brown bear to survive in Europe except in three places: Russia, Spain, and the Balkans. Modern research has made it possible to track the origin of the subspecies. The species to which it belongs developed more than 500,000 years ago, and researchers have found that the Eurasian brown bear separated about 850,000 years ago, with one branch based in Western Europe and the other branch in Western Europe, Russia, Eastern Europe and Asia. Through research of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), researchers have found that the European family has divided into two clades—one in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balkans, the other in Russia. There is a population in Scandinavia that includes bears of the western and eastern lineages. By analyzing the mtDNA of the southern population, researchers have found that they have probably come from populations in the Pyrenees in Southern France and Spain and the Cantabrian Mountains (Spain). Bears from these populations spread to southern Scandinavia after the last ice age. The northern bear populations originate in the Finnish/Russian population. Probably their ancestors survived the ice age in the ice-free areas west of the Ural Mountains, and thereafter spread to Northern Europe.
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Post by King Kodiak on May 18, 2020 19:03:46 GMT -5
Not only Russia is in two continents, but also Turkey for example, one part is in Asia and the other in Europe. and also some other countries that have islands in other parts of the world:
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_transcontinental_countries
Russia has 4 different brown bear subspecies.
Asian side on the far east:
Ussuri brown bear (Ursus arctos Lasiotus) East Siberian brown bear (Ursus arctos collaris) Kamchatka brown bear (Ursus arctos Beringianus)
European side to the west:
European brown bear (Ursus arctos arctos)
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Post by King Kodiak on May 18, 2020 19:14:11 GMT -5
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