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Post by brobear on Feb 10, 2019 19:52:21 GMT -5
yellowstonegrizzlyproject.weebly.com/home/the-transplants-two-success-stories-of-grizzly-relocation-with-polar-outcomes-in-yellowstone-national-park?fbclid=IwAR0aDZWlrE7NsPt6d4WbWSIiwoGsRIBSwhfjA7Nk1zKwdmyQMoBEotrfdBw The Greater Yellowstone GRIZZLY PROJECT "The Transplants": Two success stories of grizzly relocation with polar outcomes in Yellowstone National Park 1/16/2019 In the world of large carnivore conservation and management, relocation is a management tool that is commonly utilized. Specifically, grizzly bears are just one of several species where relocation can be “hit-or-miss.” In the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), bears can be relocated for a variety of reasons which range from livestock depredations, aggression, habituation, food conditioning, property damage, human safety concerns, etc. When relocating bears, certain factors must be considered to increase the chances of a successful relocation including: habitat type, food availability and variety, elevation, density in release area. When relocating bears, distance from the capture site and the prevalence of geographic barriers such as mountains, canyons, lakes, should be maximized to the fullest extent (Gunther et al. 1994). Grizzly bear relocations are extremely difficult, and have yielded extremely low success rates (Riley et al. 1994, Linnell et al. 1997, Clark et al. 2002, Milligan et al. 2018) most recently documented at approximately 30% (Milligan et al. 2018). Relocation fails for several reasons which include, but not limited to: Repeated conflict Mortality Homing ability (return to capture site) The age of the bear involved could very well influence the success of a relocation. Younger bears, or subadults, are more likely to take to a new area and establish a new home range as opposed to older bears (may use their innate homing ability to return to their original home range) (Jonkel 1993). Success with relocation is also largely dependent on where the bear is being released, and the distance from capture. Bears that captured and relocated earlier in the year (spring) and released into an area that presents a low mortality risk (little anthropogenic disturbances, roads, people, etc.) and in proximity to rivers or streams will increase relocation/translocation success (Milligan et al. 2018). Grizzlies possess a unique homing ability, which presents issues with relocation and translocation as an effective management tool. Homing often can lead to repeat conflict, including depredation, property damage or human conflict. Studies have demonstrated (Milligan et al. 2018, Blanchard et al. 1995) that return rates and homing are most influenced by the distance transported from capture. As opposed to previously reported data (Blanchard et al. 1995) bears should not be relocated any distance less than 100km, unless the management relocation was based on attractants which can either be managed or removed; distances of >200 km proved effective for inhibiting homing. Because of translocations’ lacking success, it should only be utilized as a short term solution and should be considered a final action to augment and correct a conflict situation (Blanchard et al. 1995, Milligan et al. 2018). Habituated behavior demonstrated by bears is usually an indication of poor people management. It is important to realize that problem bears are not born, they are made. We as humans are largely involved in creating problem bears (attractants, etc.) (Jonkel 1993). The decision to ultimately remove, euthanize or kill a bear should be a last resort. Sometimes, bears that have been poorly managed or do not take to management action, will continue to cause problems, and will inevitably need to be removed (Jonkel 1993). In 2015, Yellowstone Science released an edition focusing on “Grizzly Bear Recovery in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.” Dr. Frank van Manen and Mark Haroldson of the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team (IGBST) summarized the lives of two “patriarchs” with extensive and long study histories. The two bears were #155 and #281. What made both of these bears unique was their extensive life histories. Both were relocated to Yellowstone from outside of the National Park boundaries.
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Post by brobear on Feb 10, 2019 19:54:05 GMT -5
GRIZZLY PROJECT continued: Grizzly 155: Life History 41% body fat. He was relocated from Leigh Creek, TNF during 1989. Up until 2014, grizzly 155 stayed clear of causing problems. He was removed for management purposes after breaking into an out building north of Yellowstone. Photo courtesy USGS/Frank van Manen & Mark Haroldson Grizzly bear 155 was born in 1986, the offspring of grizzly 156. On August 9, 1988, grizzly 155 was first captured for management purposes at Female Dog Creek, Teton National Forest (TNF). Both he and his mother, 156, were released on site following their capture. During the following year, 1989, he was captured again on September 9th, at Leigh Creek, TNF for management purposes. He was the perpetrator of sheep depredation and was relocated over 100 km to the north, to Blacktail Creek, Yellowstone National Park (YNP). In 1990, 155 would cast his collar in July. However, on October 16, 1991, 155 was captured on Grebe Lake Road for research purposes, again fitted with a new collar. During 1992, 155’s collar failed to perform. He was last located near North Fork Carnelian Creek, YNP that year. Grizzly 155 would not be captured and handled until October 11, 2004; he was captured and again collared at Antelope Creek, YNP. The subsequent year, he would cast his collar at Prospect Peak, YNP. Six-years later, on September 2, 2011, grizzly 155 was captured at Otter Creek near Hayden Valley In YNP. He was re-collared at this time, and would wear this collar until June 5, 2014, when he dropped his collar for the last time. Grizzly 155 was captured on October 6, 2014 at North Fork Bear Creek, Montana (MT) for management purposes. Grizzly 155 was removed due to property damage and obtaining food rewards. At the time of removal, 155 was 28 years old; the oldest bear that has ever been documented in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) lived to be 31. In this instance, relocation proved effective for a quarter of a century.
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Post by brobear on Feb 10, 2019 19:55:59 GMT -5
GRIZZLY PROJECT continued: Grizzly 281: Life History Volcano during June, 2014. Photo courtesy of USGS/Frank van Manen & Mark Haroldson. Grizzly bear 281 was born in 1992. On August 28, 1996, grizzly 281 was captured in Pinedale, Wyoming (WY) for management purposes, the culprit involved in sheep depredation. He was relocated to Otter Creek near Hayden Valley, YNP. During 1998, a collar failure resulted due to a probable battery failure. At that time, 281 was last located near Sedge Creek, YNP. Two years later, 281 was captured at the Grebe Pit, near Cascade Creek, YNP; 281 was fitted with a GPS collar. That same year, 281 was captured an additional two times on October 10 and 11th at Norris, YNP, but was released and not handled (bears are often released and not handled if they are a recent recapture). On August 29, 2001, grizzly 281 was captured again at the Grebe Pit near Cascade Creek, YNP. The GPS collar fitted on 281 did not drop as scheduled; during the handling of 281, collars were exchanged, and he was fitted with a standard VHF collar. Similarly to the 2000 capture, just days after 281 had been trapped, he was captured again at the Grebe Pit near Cascade Creek, YNP on August 31st. He was released without being handled. Later that fall, he would cast his VHF collar. On September 23, 2002, he was again fitted with a GPS collar after being captured in Norris, YNP. During the subsequent year, 2003, several weeks prior to capture, 281 dropped his GPS collar. He was captured on September 9, 2003 at Cascade Creek, YNP; he was not collared and was released without handling. Two years later, 281 was captured at Cascade Creek, YNP, however, was not collared and was released without handling. Grizzly 281 would not be captured again for another six years. During 2011, grizzly 281 was first captured September 4, 2011 and was collared. That same year, 281 was recaptured an additional five times: 9/6/2011 – Cascade Creek, YNP – Recapture, and released without handling 9/7/2011 – Cascade Creek, YNP – Recapture, and released without handling 9/8/2011 – Cascade Creek, YNP – Recapture, and released without handling 9/14/2011 – Alum Creek, YNP – Recapture, and released without handling 9/17/2011 – Sour Creek, YNP – Recapture, and released without handling In spring of 2013, 281 would cast his collar. After dropping his collar, grizzly 281 was captured twice during 2013 at the Grebe Pit, near Cascade Creek, YNP (June 23, 2013 and June 26, 2013). During the first capture, he was fitted with a VHF collar; during his second capture he was released without handling. After a life of extensive monitoring, grizzly 281 died on June 4, 2014 at the age of 22 near Mud Volcano, YNP. After examination, it was apparent that 281 died of natural causes, old age, and from wounds inflicted from fighting with other bears. During his life, 281 was captured 17 times (handled only 6 times, 11 times released without handling).
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Post by brobear on Feb 11, 2019 17:46:01 GMT -5
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Post by King Kodiak on Feb 16, 2019 7:08:59 GMT -5
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Post by King Kodiak on Feb 22, 2019 20:15:01 GMT -5
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Post by King Kodiak on Mar 2, 2019 11:07:30 GMT -5
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Post by King Kodiak on Mar 2, 2019 12:41:30 GMT -5
Looks like this bad-boy walked away from a fight no lion or tiger could have survived. I agree. Matter of fact, its not the first time we see this kind of wounds on a bear vs bear fight. I have never seen such a wounds on any big cat fight. Not ripped flesh like that. This kind of wounds would kill a big cat.
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Post by brobear on Mar 2, 2019 13:54:05 GMT -5
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Post by King Kodiak on Mar 2, 2019 16:32:31 GMT -5
I just went through that whole Wildfact page, its all pics of lions and tigers with wounds on their faces, eye wounds, especially lions. Nothing compared to ripped flesh. By the way, imagine the force of the swipe to ripp the flesh of a bear that has about 5 cm thick fur and fat.
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Post by brobear on Mar 2, 2019 16:43:08 GMT -5
I just went through that whole Wildfact page, its all pics of lions and tigers with wounds on their faces, eye wounds, especially lions. Nothing compared to ripped flesh. By the way, imagine the force of the swipe to ripp the flesh of a bear that has about 5 cm thick fur and fat.
Yes, but back a few years ago, there were some grizzly photos that put their "battle-scarred veteran" big cat pictures to shame. They have been deleted.
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Post by brobear on Mar 2, 2019 16:49:20 GMT -5
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Post by King Kodiak on Mar 2, 2019 17:02:52 GMT -5
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Post by brobear on Mar 11, 2019 6:08:27 GMT -5
yellowstonegrizzlyproject.weebly.com/home/a-snapshot-in-time-five-selected-life-histories-of-yellowstone-grizzlies?fbclid=IwAR0f0O76E1usWdbOtF997SzhPAVDEjgPhMmdLpWR2rA4wTSlpsS3K0_6KiU A Snapshot In Time: Five Selected Life Histories of Yellowstone Grizzlies. Over the past three decades, nearly 1000 grizzly bears have been captured, collared, tagged and monitored by the Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team. The purpose and objective of this abbreviated summary, is to provide insight to the lives of five selected grizzly bears who called Yellowstone National Park their home. Grizzly 673 Grizzly 673 was first captured for research purposes on June 10, 2011 at Papoose Creek, MT. This male bear was fitted with a Telonics Gen. IV collar. During May of 2012, 673 cast his collar in the Gallatin National Forest. Grizzly 673 would be 20 years old in 2019. Grizzly 323 Grizzly 323 has been captured nine times throughout his life. As a two-year old, 323 was captured on October 4, 1998 in Hayden Valley, Yellowstone National Park (YNP). Due to his age, 323 was fitted with a backpack transmitter instead of the traditional radio-collar. During 1999, the backpack transmitter failed; he was last located April, 1999 in Hayden Valley, YNP. When he was captured on October 4, 2001, they elected not to collar and released on site. The subsequent year, he was captured September 7, 2002 at the Mesa Pit, YNP. This time, 323 was fitted with a GPS collar. In 2003, park employees recovered and found the collar of 323 near Nez Perce Creek. On July 26, 2003, he was again captured, however, released without handling. Two months later on September 11, 2003, grizzly 323 was captured at the Mesa Pit, YNP and fitted with a Telonics GPS collar; the collar was scheduled to release later that year during the fall (October 2003). Between 2007 and 2010, grizzly 323 was captured four more times. Twice during 2007 and twice during 2010. During 2007, he was captured on April 24 and then again on May 1 at Fountain Freight Road, YNP. The subsequent capture was to readjust and refit the collar that was deployed during the initial capture (another Telonics GPS collar). During 2010, grizzly 323 was captured on October 13 and 14 at Mesa Pit, YNP. During the initial research capture, 323 was fitted with a VHF collar. The following day when he was trapped again, he was released on site without being handled. The last location via VHF was Riddle Lake, YNP during 2011 when 323 dropped his collar. Grizzly 323 would be 23 years old in 2019.
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Post by brobear on Mar 11, 2019 6:10:11 GMT -5
Grizzly 394 Grizzly 394 was first captured on July 29, 2001 at Klondike Creek, Bridger-Teton National Forest (BTNF) for management purposes (sheep depredation). He radio-collared and later relocated to Mormon Creek, Shoshone National Forest (SNF). Grizzly 394 would sport that collar for nearly two-years before dropping it at Trout Creek, SNF during October 2003. Nearly eight years later, 394 was captured on September 4, 2011 at Cascade Creek, YNP. At the time of capture, he was fitted with a VHF collar. During 2011, a heavy trapping effort ensued after the fatal attacks of two Yellowstone hikers John Wallace and Brian Matayoshi (Hayden Valley). During the trapping effort to locate the bear(s) responsible, 394 was captured four times in 12 days (9/4, 9/6, 9/15, 9/16). All captures were at Cascade Creek, YNP with the exception of the capture that occurred on 9/16 which took place at Otter Creek, YNP. The following year, 2012, grizzly 394 dropped his collar in the proximity of Sour Creek, YNP. During 2014, grizzly 394 was captured on September 11 at Cascade Creek, YNP and fitted with a new style collar: the Lotek Iridium Camera Collar. The collar was only supposed to be worn for approximately two weeks, however, ended up casting the collar in its den. During 2016, 394 was captured on September 22, but was not handled and released on site. The subsequent year, 2017, grizzly 394 was captured September 26 at Jasper Creek, YNP in the Lamar Valley. However, at some point during the year, 394 cast his collar. As of 2019, grizzly 394 is 23 years old.
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Post by brobear on Mar 11, 2019 6:11:04 GMT -5
Grizzly 84 Grizzly 84 was first captured on May 28, 1982 at Nez Perce Creek, YNP for research purposes. He was fitted with a standard VHF collar at the time he was handled. Just a little under a month later, 84 shed and cast his collar. Two years later, on May 24, 1984, grizzly 84 was captured again at Nez Perce Creek, YNP. He was again fitted with a VHF collar that he would cast in September that same year. During his capture in 1984, grizzly 84 was 22 years old; his status is deceased. Grizzly 450 Grizzly 450 was first captured October 16, 2003 at Antelope Creek, YNP and fitted with a Telonics GPS collar. The following year, 450 cast his collar in April near Little Buffalo Creek, YNP. Four years later in 2008, grizzly 450 was captured for management purposes (attractant) at a private residence at Cervice Creek, MT. The source of the attractant was determined to be a dead horse disposed of in an old mine shaft. Grizzly 450 was collared and relocated to Arnica Creek, YNP. Grizzly 450 cast his collar in May of 2009 near Cache Creek, YNP. In 2019 grizzly 450 would be 23 years old.
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Post by King Kodiak on Mar 12, 2019 16:17:29 GMT -5
GRIZZLY BEAR
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Post by brobear on Mar 13, 2019 0:30:48 GMT -5
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Post by brobear on Mar 13, 2019 0:44:06 GMT -5
*Note: notice the girth of the grizzly pictured above - straight out of hibernation. Notice also the long freshly-grown claws which will soon be put to good use in his endless search for food.
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Post by King Kodiak on Mar 13, 2019 4:43:44 GMT -5
*Note: notice the girth of the grizzly pictured above - straight out of hibernation. Notice also the long freshly-grown claws which will soon be put to good use in his endless search for food. Grear find. Yeah i noticed brobear. I also noticed he is pretty big and fat right of hibernation. That specimen there must be a huge one.
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